Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is not a new invention to oil production line. In fact, the ESP systems powered by electrical downhole motor have been used for decades to lift fluids from oil fields. However, during the wide range of harsh downhole environments, the ESP systems have to face various challenges from production. ESP has become a vital component of world's oil product lines recently. It has been designed more resistant to abrasion by sand, broad range of high operating temperat...
This report focuses on the renewable energy source, solar cells, particularly their function and new designs such as the multi-junction solar cell, soft solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. This report also explains brief concepts of light, Bohr's theory of atoms and how this idea led to the conduction of semiconductor materials. This report assumes that readers have reasonable knowledge to understand the basics of physics and science. This report was written originally by Jack Lee and...
In a deregulated electricity market, the generation, transmission and distribution sectors are operated by different companies. This may give rise to congestion in transmission lines due to lack of co ordination between different sectors. It may also occur in a vertically integrated market but it can easily be taken care of since all the three sectors are controlled by one entity. Congestion can disrupt the demand and supply market. It can directly affect the profits of the market players. Wi...
The main components of a wind turbine system consist of turbine rotor (or blades), gearbox, and generator. The common wind turbine has three blades. The turbine blades capture kinetic energy of flowing air, known as wind. The blades start to rotate and spin a shaft connected from a hub of the rotor to generator. The rotational speed decreases as the as the radius of blades increases. The gearbox is used to adapt the low speed of turbine blades to high speed of the generator. However, the gear...
In our surroundings, there have six main distinction kinds of corrosion: uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and dealloying. To begin with, uniform corrosion is the commonly expected mode of corrosion that the metal from the surface are regular removed. For this corrosion, the exposed metal surface probably has the same rate corrosion proceeds in the corrosive environment. Uniform corrosion can be prevented by a multitude of me...
Automation is the integration of mechanical, computer electronic based activities the control of manufacturing processes in the field of production. Different techniques of automation are carried using pneumatic, hydraulic system, cam follower computer system. In this project of automation of burr cleaning process, I have selected and implemented the pneumatic technique of automation. For automation, I have designed manufactured air blowing machine, which is operated with the help of pneumati...
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electro-optical amplitude modulator realized as a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often utilized in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power. INTRODUCTION Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmiss...
During the last century the service speed of transport concept is dramatically increased, specially the marine transportation. Displacement ships moving at high speed through water causes wave making drag in proportion to square of their speed. Thus hydrodynamic resistance was the prime factor limiting their speed and performance. One way to avoid this is to isolate hull in contact with water surface. This project attempts to design Air Cushion Vehicle which rides on bubble of air thus omitti...
Production Management II Cellular Manufacturing A lean manufacturing concept INTRODUCTION Cellular Manufacturing (CM)refers to a manufacturing system wherein the equipment and workstations are arranged in an efficient sequence that allows a continuous and smooth movement of inventories and materials to produce products from start to finish in a single process flow, while incurring minimal transport or waiting time, or any delay for that matter. CM is an important ingredient of lean manufactur...
Fuel cells have gained importance in the research field due to the arrival of portable electronic devices in the market, which require power supplies with high energy density and longer life span for the varied functionalities in these devices. The miniaturization of the electronic devices has also lead to research being directed towards miniaturization of fuels to provide energy for these devices. Over the past decade research in fuel cells has been focused on making micro fuel cells, which ...