Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission launched by government by India which is a massive city modernization scheme and is city based program. The scheme focused on the improvement of quality of life and infrastructure of the cities. It is named after, the first prime minister of independent India Jawaharlal Nehru. The scheme was officially inaugurated by, Man Mohan Singh on 3 December 2005.
It was named on the behalf of Jawaharlal Nehru because he used to link and call factories as the temples of modern India. He always wanted to see India as a nation of growth and development in industrialization. But because of certain reasons our country have not been able to cope up the expected level and hence this mission was set up in order to make the growth and development happen in real manner.
In order to improve the infrastructure in urban areas and the services given to urban poor, there was a great need of a reform or a mission or a scheme. JNNURM is designed in such a way that it motivates the involvement of the private sector in service delivery and management. It also motivates participation of business, industry, civic groups and communities in local decision-making.
The scheme JNNURM works upon
1. Water supply
2.Sewerage and sanitation
3.Solid waste management
4.Traffic and transportation
5.Municipal storms and storm water drainage
DURATION OF MISSION
The mission was started in 2005. Duration of the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission is seven years which started from 2005 and will be continue till 2012.
MISSION STATEMENT
The mission of the Jawaharlal Nehru urban renewal mission is reform driven, fast track and well planned development of identified cities with emphasized on urban infrastructure, community participation and accountability of urban local bodies.
2 SUBMISSIONS OF THE SCHEME ARE
The first mission is for urban infrastructure and governance by the ministry of urban development, with emphasis on water supply and sanitation, road network, solid waste management, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areas.
The second mission is for basic services to the urban poor administrative of urban employment and poverty alleviation with an emphasis on integrated development of slums.
NEED FOR JAWAHARLAL NEHRU URBAN RURAL MISSION
The study shows, as per 2001 population census, the number of people reside in urban areas is 285.35 million which constitute 27.8 of the total population. As we compare after independence, the population of India has grown three times whereas the population of urban cities has grown five times. With the rise in urban population there is also increase in the number of urban poor. As per 2001, the estimated figure of slum population is 61.8 million. With the increasing number of slum dwellers, the pressure on urban basic service and infrastructure also increased. So finally to deal with this situation and to get proper solutions, it was decided to make a policy or scheme to implement projects in selected cities.
ﾕ More than one million housing units have been approved as on 31.10.2008 under JNNURM.
ﾕ The construction of 3.40 lakhs dwelling units under progress.
ﾕ Empowering women by provision of ownership of dwelling units under JNNURM guidelines.
ﾕ 42 cities have implemented urban reforms of ﾓinternal earmarking within the local body budget services to the urban poor (BSUP)ﾔ
ﾕ HUDCO since inception in 1970 till October 2008 has sanctioned 16083 housing and infrastructure projects worth rupees 328792 crores.
MISSION COMPONENTS
ADMISSABLE COMPONENTS
ﾕUrban renewal which means development of the selected cities in terms of widening the streets, installation of new or repairing of new water pipes etc.
ﾕ Water supply and sanitation
ﾕ Preservation of water bodies from hazardous waste materials and chemicals which is dumped in the rivers and lakes.
ﾕ Development of heritage India.
ﾕ Urban transport including roads, metros, highways, expressways, parking problems etc.
ﾕ Sewerage and solid waste management.
INADMISSIBLE COMPONENTS
ﾕWage employment program and self employment
ﾕ Power
ﾕ Telecom
ﾕ Health
ﾕ Education
SALIENT FEATURES OF JNNURM
1. JNNURM, one of the most ambitious urban programs in the history of India.
2. The initiative is of government if India aiming at encouraging reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities.
3. The scheme focuses on the efficiency of urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanism and community participation.
4. The government is supporting by 50000 corers with contribution by cities/states from 2006-2012.
OBJECTIVES OF JNNURM
1. The first and the main objective of JNNURM is integrated development of infrastructure services.
2. Identifying and ensuring the need of adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructural services.
3. Planned and systematic development of identified 63 cities in terms of overall development as described in the scheme.
4. Increase in delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with a focus on universal access to the urban poor.
5. Special stress on urban renewal program in order to reduce congestion. 6. Provision of basic services to the urban poor which includes security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and good education, health and social security.
EXPECTIONS FROM JAWAHARLAL NEHERU URBAN RURAL MISSION
1. There will be a complete availability of the basic level of urban services to all the urban population.
2. Planning and governance which is done for various cities will become practical and operational.
3. Introduction of e- governance which will reduce the time of service delivery process and cost and public will get more benefits with the reduction of delays in the work.
4. Local services and benefit provided to the public will be transparent, clear and accountable to citizens so that they can have a clear picture of the policy.
5. Financial support for many agencies will be given so that they can solve the problems faced by public such as water drainage, sewage etc which are faced by major population in our country and finance is the main problem for that.
6. Improved and transparent designed systems such as budgeting, financial management systems, accounting and other functions.
REASONS FOR NOT GETTING EXPECTED SUCCESS
A study by the City-based NGO reveled that The State Government is apparently not interested on implementing the Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) program as required under the guidelines of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.
The infrastructure on which this scheme laid importance is poorly neglected. Out of the total money 25% should be reserved for poor but this is just on paper, not applicable practically. So there is misuse of funds.
As per the scheme JNNURM, there should be a detailed project report which should be evolved by consulting the beneficiaries in each project site and each location, but practically there was no consulting process in 20 slums.
Lack of adequate techniques and mechanism to tackle the problem and to find solutions to them. The system lacks the functional hierarchy which leads to poor control and work of JNNURM.
In case of solid waste
1. Unorganized and poor system for the solid waste disposable process which includes collection, transportation and disposal of domestic and other city waste.
2. In adequate equipment for collection and disposal of solid waste.
3. Lack of adequate disposal solid waste ground.
4. Orthodox and unhealthy and unhygienic ways of disposal waste.
In case of roads
1. Poor roads, because of which there is congestion in road networks and more traffic.
2. Geometrical inadequacy in the intersections of the roads which leads to traffic problem in the city.
3. Lack of space is one of the problems which directly lead to parking problem in the city.
4. If the road is constructed, it is not maintained properly and thus lack of proper maintenance is one of the issues.
In case of water sewerage
1. Lack of sewerage system which further causing the deterioration of the environment of city.
2. Lack of proper drainage system through which the water bodies are polluted
3. Poor maintenance of drains with the garbage and other material stuck in them.
4. Lack of treatment facilities.
5. Lack of storage and distribution network
SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDED TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation and urban development) STATE GOVERNMENT (departments dealing with municipal local government and housing and urban development) AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES.
ISSUES
1. As stated by PM, cities are still lacking behind in terms of financial and technical factors and few states are lacking in their own identity. The emphasis should be laid on CHANGE. The main agenda is to empower democratic governance structures and decentralization in urban government which has not been clearly mention in the mission document.
2. Mayor and Mayor in council, an intuition which has been vested with all powers and responsibilities to run urban government have pointed out India for continuous down graded performance and ineffective growth. With respect to this the JNNURM and the government should take necessary actions to myth behind this inefficiency.
3. Rapid urbanization not only means the growth in infrastructure but also minimizing urban poverty. There is an increase in slums, increase in homelessness population growing urban poverty and crime, pollution etc which covers nearly 40% of population. This shows the ineffectiveness of the mission which needs to be having an economic strategy to overcome all these issues as soon as possible.
4. Because of the instability in the governance, the needs of the poor are still neglected such as drinking water supply, housing and social services and sanitation. It needs a special focus on urban renewal program and cities with less or no development.
5. Our urban economy is considered to be one of the most important factors of economic growth and it has become a strong bridge between global economy and domestic economy. Here urban local bodies play a major role but they will be ignored then it may result in constant or slope curve in terms of economic growth and development.
6. As we look into resources, they have become scarce such as land, water and energy. The main consumers of such resources are urban areas. Along with city development plan, sustainable resource management should also be included into considerations.
7. As explained above, JNNURM is a mission which is based on a large scale and need support of civil society organization also such as SUSTAIN PERT etc.
63 CITIES SELECTED FOR UPLIFTMENT
MEGA CITIES
Delhi
Mumbai
Aehemdabad
Bangalore
Chennai
Calcutta
Hyderabad
MILLION PULS CITIES
Patna
Faridabad
Bhopal
Ludhiana
Jaipur
Lucknow
Madurai
Nasik
Pune
Cochin
Varanasi
Agra
Amritsar
Vishakapatnam
Vadodara
Surat
Kanpur
Nagpur
Coimbatore
Meerut
Jabalpur
Amshedpur
Asansol
Allahabad
Vijayawada
Rajkot
Dhanbad
Indore
IDENTIFIED CITIES WITH LESS THAN 1 MILLION POPULATION
Guwahati
Itanagar
Jammu
Raipur
Panaji
Shimla
Ranchi
Thiruvananthapuram
Imphal
Shillong
Aizawal
Kohima
Bhubaneswar
Gangtok
Agartala
Dehradun
Bodh Gaya
Ujjain
Puri
Ajmer-Pushkar
Nainital
Mysore
Pondicherry
Chandigarh
Srinagar
Mathura
Haridwar
Nanded
JNNURM in news
PUNE: Besides of spending thousands of crores on the urbanization of selected cities, the result is not equal and what was expected at the time of launch of the mission. Money issued to Maharashtra was 6974.64 crores but got only 1358.2 crores out of the total amount allotted. The civic bodies have no plan to ensure the proper flow of money as well as assets and budget maintenance in infrastructure. The mission and objectives of Jawaharlal Nehru urban renewal mission are missing and moreover there was no preparation or any kind of study done before hand to understand the present scenario of the city and the changes that should occur.
