The development of the Industries, the science evolution and notice the variety of the temperature will leads to climate change and change of the community in the future (environment and society), which is the result of the extra accumulation and emission of the radiation and gases (especially greenhouse gases) around the surface of the earth. Global Climate Change is the change which happens in the weather all over the world and it takes millions and millions of years. Actually, the human activity is the fundamental factor and the most important impact that affect the rise of temperature, recently. So, it will cause numerous diseases to the population, change of the general structure of the geological tectonic shape of the world (as a result of ice melting rising in the sea level) and the change of the geographical distribution of species (plants or animals) . These are due to changes in the temperature of the polar and tropical areas. In this report I will explain what is the Global Climate Changes and the main factors and impacts that affect it, the difference between global climate change and global warming, the evidence of climate change, and the effect of changing the temperature. I will also put some points of views and some possible solutions that may save our world.
Introduction
The Global Climate Change is not a new topic or a new thing to our world. The earth have had many heat changes through the past ages and it has changed from a very cold period of time to a much warmer age and that is still continuing to our days. These changes have no relationship with humans before, but these days' people's activities and daily lives are affecting the earth and many other sectors. (Exploratorium, 2002)
To begin with, I would to talk a little bit about the history of the climate change. Some climatologists believe that getting lower levels of "Carbon Dioxide" led to encrust the equator with ice. There were some temperature changes that have been observed and recorded by "Central England Temperature Record". Two ruptures of warming have happened in the twentieth century. The first one happened earlier and what illustrate that is the northern hemisphere was slightly cooler. The second one happened in the 1970's and the temperature changed to be much hotter. Additionally, from the 1910's to the 1940's there was a rise in the temperature by 0.35 CËš and it also got warmer by 0.55 CËš in 1970. (Walker G. & Sir King D., 2008). The previous changes were happening naturally and no one can deny it, but the time has changed and people are helping in those changes if we can say the word "Help".
The climate changes were happening before without the human interaction, but these days with the raise in the human population and their actions the changes are happening much faster and we can say it is getting worse. What I am trying to say that peoples' daily activities are helping in raising the heat, damaging the ozone, solar output, ocean variability and many other changes. The most common activities are driving cars, building new factories, waste incineration, and human invasion of the forests and oil pollution of the seas. The mentioned reasons and more are speeding the changes and make it worse.
The difference between global climate change and global warming
Global climate change is much more general than global warming. Global climate change is the change in all climate factors and external climate events as temperature, humidity, rainfall,…etc. But, global warming is just the changing in the temperature of the earth and atmosphere. The melting of ice of the polarity mountains and however the increasing in the level of the sea are the important impacts that affect in global warming ( depends on the cycle of daily warming and cooling between day and night). Otherwise, the global climate change is not depends essentially in the day/night cycle (temperature) because it has other factors and impacts that change the weather.
The important factor of Global climate change
The main factor that causing the Global climate change is the increasing in green house gases which are the result from the daily human activities and Industrial Revolution that increase the temperature on the surface of the earth due to absorb the radiation that comes from the activities and emit few of it to the atmosphere (permanent extra emission will raise the temperature). These gases such as water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, per fluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride are increases the temperature of the earth from 1.5C to 4.5C especially CO2 which has a great percentages effect. ( Jerry M. Mellilo and others, 1993). The amount of gases are rapidly rises since 1850 as follow: 35% is the increasing of CO2 , 142.2% is the increasing of methane gas and 18% is the increasing of nitrous oxide concentration.( Vincent di Norcia, 2008)
The graph below shows the change of the important three greenhouse gases and global climate change in the last 2000 years.( Vincent di Norcia, 2008)
''Global climate change will be in rising from 0.3 to 0.9C per decade if the green house gases will be in increase. And it will affect negative locally, regionally and globally''. (Vincent di Norcia, 2008)
Global Climate change Evidence
Increasing in the sea level
Topography (changing the form and the structure of the earth surface) is the main cause of the rising in the sea level for some regions. These areas which we talk about have lower in the slopes of their surfaces especially the offshore islands. Also, Arctic and Antarctic will have the grave danger of the rising in their sea level because of the changing in the climate and melting the ice as a consequence. These areas will get negative results in the future as a migration of the species from wetlands and low surface areas, erosion of the coastal and floods (James E. Neum ann and others, 2000).
Increasing of Carbon dioxide level comparing to the past level
There are two important reasons for increasing Carbon dioxide. First, is the extra waste of the output of fossil fuels and the radiation that is emitted from the waste of the manufacturing areas. Second, there is no enough agriculture and plants that use or take the extra Carbon dioxide that comes from the human and their activities. This is because the plants are also destroyed due to extra wasting of employment of oil, coral, and natural gas. The small raising of Carbon dioxide could affect mostly of our future and will increase the translation of the ice ages.( Spencer Weart, 2009)
Decreasing in the ice mass and glaciers of some cold continents and mountains
The most notable thing that helps the climatologist is to indicate that there is a temperature change is the melting of the sea ice in the polar areas (Arctic and Antarctic Ocean). Decreasing the quantity of the ice, quickly melting of glaciers and changing the features of the surface between 1987 and 2007 to double are all the consequent of the high temperature. When we have an increase in the ice melting, rising of the sea levels will create hazards such as landslides, avalanches, floods and glacial lake. So, the fresh water will be the extra consumption by the population. Example, Himalayas Mountain and the Tibetan plateau are the largest glaciers which melt and provide water to people who are in Asia and used for drinking and agriculture, especially the largest regions in the world. Melting of Himalaya's glacier decreases by 10-60 meter per year. Currently, the glaciers river will be lower by 70 percent to become seasonal rivers like the Yangtze, Yellow, Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. (Alexandra Giese, 2009)
Increasing in the salinity of some oceans due to changing in the average of the rainfall and increased evaporation. ( Earth Science Communication Team, 2009)
Effect of climate change
Too many diseases will appear and affect on the health of people as malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition which will lead to cause death if it developed in the future. In addition, diseases that come from the vector borne disease- bacteria grow because of the change in weather- will effect too. Agriculture crops and the source of water- which figures as ecosystem components- will change and thus it will effect on population. Sea level will change also and it is category of the ocean system. Human system as air pollution, food, ozones are changing and affect on the health of the human. Furthermore, Atmospheric system (quantity of Floods, storms, weather) will change. (David D. Houghton, 2007).
Temperature increasing has a high percentage of the effect of global climate change ( 89%), changing in rainfall (86%), healthy impacts (83%), ecosystem effect (83%), different in agriculture crops (59%), ice melting of arctic region (54%), low in photosynthesis (35%), seasons changing (32%), increasing in the sea level (30%) and the lowest effect is the warming and frigidity changing which has 22%. (Ann Bostrom,' M. and others, 1993).
Results
Speeding the changes has results on our life and our world and it is killing them both. To begin with is the polar ice melting which will cause the huge increase of the water which in turn will cause flooding and of course the death of millions and millions of people. Second result is the differences of heat in different parts of the world. What I mean that there is going to be parts of the world which will suffer higher temperature than others and shortage of water and the great example of those parts of the world is Africa. The third effect and the most dangerous as I see is spreading of diseases and that's might happen by the active insects which start its activities on worm weather and spread the illness from country to another. Finally, the economic crisis which already started, but it would be much bigger if we had more damages and other catastrophes. That will make the world governments pay more money than they think of to repair everything. (Environmental Graffiti website, 2010) (MIT News wesite,2009)
Discussions
There are many questions related to this issue to be discussed and I would put some of them:
What the governments have to do?
What we are doing to let the people know more about the danger we are in?
When we will stop killing the forest and killing what it's useful for us?
Why competents are looking for possible living chances outside the earth?
How normal people can help our planet earth?
All of these questions are important to discuss in each area in the world. This issue has a temporary solution in some countries. But the problem is that all the other sectors (especially poor countries) do not have full awareness of the problem and its solution.
'' Responsibility is required to everyone who used every advanced things that cause global climate change by causing an extra emission radiation to our earth''.
$ 1.5 billion is spent annually by the United State to alleviate the problem of global climate change through finding solutions by climatologist to see the change in temperature and other issues. out of increasing the awareness and the education of the people and intensify the rate of information for all persons in this state. (Ann Bostrom,' M. and others, 1993).
"Non-binding" is the goal of U.N Framework Convention since 1992 that assist to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and control their concentration to be in equilibrium.( Wayne A. Morrissey and John R. Justus, 2001)
Using Terrestrial ecosystem models (TEM) to determine the change in the rate of gases that emitted monthly from forests and deserts plants that affect on the change of temperature and affect of the net primary production ( the amount of carbon that accumulate around the surface which is the result of the photosynthesis). (Jerry M Melillo , 1993)
Using General Circulation models (GCMS) which helps to estimate the increasing in the green house gases that influence in the ecosystem and climate. (Hans Von Storch and other, 1991)
Conclusions
In conclusion I will put some of my point of views and my opinion. I think this issue needs our full attention because it will affect our life, health and future. If we didn't act faster than the changes it's going to be the end and we will regret it. I'm not being pessimistic because every problem has a solution and we need some fast ones and it's in our hands.
Recommendations
When I said some possible solutions I mean some real working solutions. There are some experiments which are being testing in order to help in saving us from the high level of heat by spraying some certain chemicals in the sky to make some clouds to reflect the heat back to the space. The other solution is a natural cycle which called "Milankovitch Cycle" this cycle is related to the way that the earth move in orbit and how does this move effect on our weather and climate change. On the other hand, we can contribute in saving our world by decreasing the number of cars, saving the trees by not burning the forest or using too much of paper and clean the oceans. There are so many ways to help put we need to move fast.(Rosenberg M. 2010) (Walker G. & Sir King D., 2008)
