The relationship between a commercial bank and its customers is not standardized. Contrary to the other transactions, the signing of a credit contract does not mean the end of the relationship between the two parties. Rather, it marks the beginning of their commitment. However, several circumstances might emerge once funds have been released that may alter the borrower's ability to pay back the loan. Such occurrences are increasingly present in the Tunisian context where the information avail...
This chapter introduces the research design which has been used for the completion of this research work. Research methodology is the most important aspect of a research as it regulates the flow of emulation. A research design should be selected carefully because it helps in many important steps of a research mainly that of collecting data and its analysis. Research methodologies are advantageous and at the same time have some limitations, which must be carefully focused and understood by the...
Working capital is defined as the operating liquidity available to a business, organisation or any other business entity. It is also part of a company's operating capital. A business is said to be liquidated when its current asset are more than its current liabilities, but it would have a working capital deficiency when its current liabilities are more less the current assets. Calculation: Net Working Capital = Current assets - Current liabilities. To ensure that the a firm is able to continu...
Literature Review Financial Reporting Standards: Financial Reporting Standard is mainly designed to deal with the problem of inadequate information. Accounting Standard are set to tackle different problem and shows the boundary within which you how to perform and transform all types of financial information into reports that are read and command action. They are set by Accounting Standard Board (ASB). International Financial Reporting Standards: IFRS are the guiding principle and rules set by...
This report has been taken from businessweek and is written by David Bogoslaw. He is a graduate form the University of Columbia. His main field of research and reporting includes energy, chemical industry, science and culture. The basic aim of this report is to identify the loopholes in financial reporting and find solutions to improve the transparency in it. In the wake of current crisis the report has much importance as some of the causes of this recent turmoil I context of financial report...
Investment appraisal methods are those, which are used by the organization to assess the importance of certain projects which are by nature capital intensive and which therefore need careful planning with regards to expenditure. Where a huge amount of money is to be spending on a project, there is a need to assess the importance of such a project to the business and if it is not important then there alternative should be sought and money saved. There are a number of techniques to assessing th...
Cement is one of major industries of Pakistan. Pakistan is rich in cement raw material. Currently many cement plants are operating in private sector. Attock Cement Pakistan Limited (ACPL) is one of Pakistan's leading cement mills. ACPL is a public limited company, listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange since June 2002. Project aims and objectives: After a preliminary introduction of the Pakistan's cement sector and ACPL I will perform the business and financial analysis of ACPL over the period ...
Judge, Naoumova, and Koutzevol (2003) study the corporate governance and firm performance in Russia and hypotheses about the board structure-firm performance relationship within Russia. They used survey data. In December, 2002, surveys were personally distributed to 116 Russian managers from the three centrally located industrial regions of Russia (e.g.,Tartarstan, Bashkortostan and Moscow regions) although the sample size was slightly small. They found that significant inter-correlation betw...
Many companies, both producers and/or users of commodities can be negatively impacted by sudden price changes in their production inputs or outputs. Producers of commodities such as in the mining, oil or farming industries would sure benefit from increasing prices of their respective outputs, but face a risk of very serious losses and even bankruptcy should the opposite happens. On the other hand, within those industries and most others, some commodities are also used as production inputs and...
Financial economists have, for decades, debated on the effect of the dividend policy under uncertain conditions on a firm's valuation. Whilst Miller and Modigliani (MM) aver that the capitalisation rate on shares is unrelated to a firm's dividend policy, other traditionalists rebut this proposition and recommend theories of valuation wherein capitalisation rates and share prices are reliant on a firm's dividend policy. Jackson plc, after substantial investment and reorganization, is currently...
