I have recently been hired as a new Health and Safety Manager for ABC Plastic Products Limited. I have recently conducted an inspection of your company and have outlined a detailed report of the changes that need to take place in your company in order for you and your employees to stay in business. I would like to enlighten you of changes that are required in order to stay in business. I would like to advise you of the issues and concerns that I have identified while conducting the inspection and the necessary solutions entailed for you to follow to establish a safe work environment for you and your employees. The main subjects outlined in the following report are: policy changes, physical hazards, health issues and ergonomic alterations.
Concerns/Problems- Policy changes: When observing the policy standards put in place, ABC Plastics Limited is not up to standards with the regulations set out by the Ministry. Lacking of material quality indicates that there is an. The company has breached some regulations and this may cause safety concerns to the employees and closure of the company.
There is no present Joint Health and Safety committee. There should always be a health and safety rep on duty at all times to ensure worker's safety. There are only 17 employees on duty that does not entitle them to not have a safety rep onsite. There should be an onsite health rep on duty under any circumstance. The Joint Health and Safety committee is put in place to implement and develop programs to protect the employees' safety and health and deal with employee complaints and suggestions concerning employee safety and health.
Record keeping of important safety tests and inspections done in the company are limited. Records should be kept in organized fashion and easy to access. Records should be updated and several inspections should be done more often to ensure that there are less injuries and accidents to workers. Account records should be conserved for five years.
The Material safety data sheets are challenging to find and are out of date because they are not in an organized manner. If there were to be an emergency these sheets are critical to help determine the injuries related to the accident. All records should be renewed or updated just in case regulations alter or differ. Employee knowledge of chemicals is critical and this ensures that no accidents take place. If employees don't have knowledge of the chemicals this can cause preventable accidents to occur and also improper handling of unsafe substances while working. use of portable foam extinguishers as well.
Fire extinguishers or sprinklers are not present at the company. Sprinklers should be placed in a storage compartment area where chemical products are being used. Water is not the best resolution to get rid of fumes or flames. Fume hoods are mandatory in a manufacturing or processing enclosure.
The prevailing personal protective equipment does not fit the regulations. Personal equipment must be in accordance to the regulations and proper training of the equipment should be intact for the workers. When hazards cannot be controlled through engineering practices or controls then PPE should be put in place to protect the eyes, face, head, lungs, arms and ears. The quality of the personal protective equipment is limited and not good enough for duties. Having a material that is lacking quality does not provide information on which chemicals can be used or what it is able to withstand. The purpose of PPE is to prevent harmful chemical substances from contacting the skin and damaging it. It is crucial to have it place as it plays an important role as a barrier from harmful practices.
An emergency evacuation plan and proper training should be put in place and contain proper details as to how to escape from an unsafe building. Employees should be aware of where to exit in case of an emergency and how to deal with the situation. All workers should have a copy of the emergency plan so that they are aware of how to escape in a difficult situation without the aid of others.
Hazardous chemicals and substances should be marked or clearly labelled with the names of the product to easily identify it. It could be fatal if two chemicals are incorrectly mixed and an unexpected reaction occurs. Not labelling hazardous substances can cause major errors to arise during critical steps.
Emergency chemical showers and eye washing stations are absent. The first few seconds after coming in contact with a dangerous substance is crucial. Allowing time to pass by without delivering proper treatment can cause a major injury. The use of emergency sprinklers/showers can be used to get rid of flames or fumes from clothing. It is very important that workers wear eye protective wear and proper attire at all times.
Safety signs indicating workers of a sludge pit are not acceptable due to heavy corrosion are missing. The signs are very important in making sure the employees are aware of situations which they should approach with caution. The signs should be visible and clear and should stand out without any corrosion or rust on them. Signs for the usage of wearing proper personal protective equipment is not seen very often and this can cause a major accident from occurring. The Health and Safety regulations require that a sign be put up where a risk is present. Workers should obey the signs and follow rules set out by the workplace.
Physical:
Heating pipes which appear to be wrapped in cardboard are flaking grey dust and debris in the office and hall which appears to be asbestos. Heating pipes should not be wrapped around cardboard as this can be a fire hazard and cause serious injury. The asbestos must be tested and removed for the health and safety of the employees. Asbestos is a well known carcinogen and can cause cancer if exposed. The health and safety rep should be advised of the situation and should take action immediately to ensure the building is safe for everyone.
Industrial cleaners that ABC manufacturers and "Swish Industrial Toilet cleaner" are stacked to an incredible height. This is considered an overhead hazard, can cause a fatal accident. There is also is a confined space problem. The bottom row cardboard boxes are sagging from the weight of the boxes stacked on top and this can cause the boxes to collapse on someone working below.
There is a thick coating of dust in the office and this can cause numerous health concerns. It can cause allergies and asthma to employees. The janitor or cleaning service provided at the company should wipe the dust clean to provide clean fresh air for the workers. They shouldn't allow the dust to accumulate to a thick coating and allow the environment to not have any ventilation or good air. Accumulation of dust particles can cause inhalation problems to those who are immunocompromised and those with respiratory illness.
The radiator is stuck in the "full on" position. This can cause a fire hazard due to the high heat caused by the radiator. Those products which are explosive or flammable may be sensitive to the heat and may explode and cause injury to a worker. High heat can cause heat stroke or make someone feel light headed due to the high heat and may faint or collapse.
All of the plant windows are closed shut. There is a lack of ventilation and no air coming into the plant due to the windows being shut. Dust particles need to escape through the window instead of the workers inhaling the particles. The flames can spread quickly in the building in a few seconds.
There is a sludge pond which is located immediately adjacent the rear of the employee's parking lot. The sludge pond can only be present if chemicals in the pond are acceptable by the regulations and Ministry. The sludge pond is not fenced which can cause trespassers to enter the premise which can lead to an unexpected accident or injury. A dead carcass of any sort should not be present on the premise and can contain bacteria or viruses and lead to a communicable disease. Debris should be removed around the pond area every so often to remove unwanted odours.
There are two large shipping doors that are kept open for circulation purposes. This is not an appropriate way of receiving ventilation and fresh air. This can cause unnecessary trespassers to enter the premise through the unattended door. It also causes unwanted particles from outside to enter the premise.
Two older forklifts for being used for transport and they are both propane powered. These should not be used if they are old because they can cause unexpected exhaust from escaping and causing illness in a worker. Maintenance records for these forklifts should be kept to date and should appear in good condition.
Health issues and concerns:
Workers are complaining of adverse health concerns/impacts from working in the company. This could be long term effects due to the exposure they are exposed to such as toxic chemicals and substances. Many of the products that the workers deal with everyday are highly toxic and PPE is a crucial step in protecting themselves. The PPE guidelines and usage are not being properly used to prevent these types of occurrences. The following are the health concerns that the workers are complaining about: suffering from frequent headaches, some laugh loudly in an inappropriate way when nothing is funny, several staff in past have died prematurely from heart related conditions, persistent skin rashes, skin rashes under overalls and lack of personal hygiene i.e. spitting on the ground.
Ergonomics: Ergonomics is the science of designing and establishing equipment, the workplace and even the job to accomodate the worker. Ergonomic specialists make equipment that is comfortable and equipment that puts less stress on the body and control external factors such as light and temperature to make sure the worker is working at their most productive level possible.
Proper chairs and desks should be ergonomically established and produced for the workers so that they are working in a comfortable environment without straining themselves repetively.
The company has old style Amber VDT's and ancient PC's. This caused three attractive women to complain about blurred vision due to the video display terminals that are old.
Workers should work in an appropriate temperature that is suitable for everyone. There should be no need for wearing extra clothing because one area of the building is colder than the other. Workers should wear comfortable clothing in a comfortable temperature setting.
Action plan for the problems:
A joint health and safety committee is very important in a workplace. It helps ensure that accidents are not seen within a workplace and provides knowledge to workers of how to be safe in an emergency or when an accident occurs. There should always be a health and safety representative on duty at all times to make sure preventative measures can be taken. According to Canadian jurisdictions it is mandatory to have a joint health and safety committee put in place.
Records should be kept for five years to ensure that future accidents don't occur to workers and lost time at work may result if this is not processed.
The MSDS should be placed in an organized manner and placed in a secure place for easy access. Updated MSDS is an important component for industries that deal with chemical products. Training employees to locate and identify the MSDS are crucial in a workplace. MSDS can be purchased by chemical suppliers.
Pertaining to the fire code it is very important that a fire extinguishers and sprinklers be placed in a workplace for emergency usage. All workers should know how to operate a fire extinguisher when in an emergency situation to prevent the building from being fully engulfed by flames. Fume hoods allow the flames to taper off and allow fewer fumes to escape into the air. These are important devices that should be purchased and kept in a safe and designated area.
Personal protective equipment must be purchased to make sure the face and body are protected from harmful chemicals and substances. Training on how to use the equipment is a major key in insuring harmful accidents and fatal incidents don't occur.
Emergency plans should be put in a clean area where it is clearly illustrated and easy to understand. Training should be held for workers to ensure full understanding of where all emergency exits are and where to meet everyone. Test alarms should be done to ensure performance and accuracy when evacuating the premise.
Hazardous chemicals should be labelled with clear block letters so that workers are able to identify the chemical and its toxicity level. Labels help identify the product with an alert before using the product under WHMIS legislation. MSDS should be made available to observe the details associated with each chemical product.
Chemical showers and eye washing stations should be made available at the company. This is to ensure that if an accident occurs with a chemical and it comes into contact with the eye area it is dealt with in a safe manner at a proper station. It should be located where processing rooms and areas are. A combination unit is very useful as it can be used to wash all parts of the body as well. These fixtures are not expensive and can be purchased through many industries.
Signs should be visible to indicate a restricted area where it is not safe to enter. Without signs workers may become in a situation where they are in trouble without knowing that the area they are entering is restricted and dangerous. This can lead to an accident or fatality and can cause employers to have to deal with legal concerns. These signs can be bought at many places and the lettering should be big and clear to read and understand. Signs should be clear of corrosion and should be cleaned once in a while to prevent rust from forming.
Physical:
Asbestos is a carcinogen which can cause cancer in humans. The heating pipes should be replaced with new pipes to ensure that the asbestos is clear and no more exists in the area. Removal of asbestos is an expensive process which requires the elimination of the vast deteriorated area.
The ABC cleaning products should be placed in a cupboard where they can be retrieved within hand's reach. This ensures that the products don't cause an overhead hazard. If space is not adequate, more cupboards for storage fixtures should be placed to ensure that all products are placed in an organized and efficient manner.
The janitor or custodian should clean the dust and not allow it to accumulate into a large mass. The cleaner should wear a mask and follow through with the task. Electrostatic precipitators or cyclone dust collectors can be used to get rid of the heavy dust content. This allows clean air and won't allow health problems to arise especially for those with respiratory illness.
The temperature of the furnace should not be set on high because this is a fire hazard. The temperature of the furnace should be set to temperature directed by the inspector. Setting the temperature high can cause chemicals to explode due to the extreme heat.
The windows should not be screwed shut all the way. To provide ventilation in the workplace the windows should be open to provide air circulation throughout the rooms. Having ventilation reduces exposure to hazardous pollutants and this prevents injury which will avoid workers being absent from work.
The sludge pond area should be fenced to prevent trespassers from entering the dangerous zone. The pond should be made out of concrete material to prevent contamination and corrosion.
The shipping doors should not be open unless the door needs to be used for any work purpose or duty. If shipments need to be received using the doors that is acceptable but allowing the doors to be open when it is unattended is not appropriate. Trespassers may enter the premise easily and this can lead to an accident.
The maintenance records for the two forklifts should be kept up to date and in good condition for future reference. The machinery itself should not be old which can cause exhaust and fumes to arise, and this can be inhaled by a worker.
Health issues and concerns:
Having a medical officer on duty would be helpful in the aid of workers who have chronic or acute exposures. Different workers have different symptoms and MSDS can identify how different workers should be treated. MSDS reports can prevent exposures from occurring in the future and prevent their illness from becoming worse. Temporary medical treatment should be provided to give relief to the worker.
Ergonomics:
Proper desks and chairs should be provided for the female staff to use while working as they mostly attend the clerical duties.
The video display terminals should be updated to newer models and should be altered so that the screen doesn't cause too much strain to the eyes.
Heating should be provided where necessary and at an adequate temperature.
Workers shouldn't be put in a situation where the temperature is unbearable and have to wear extra clothing. The company should provide a temperature that is comfortable and appropriate for all workers.
Introduction of the chemicals used in the accident:
MSDS were not available to me so I went and purchased MSDS from a chemical supplier. Most of these chemicals cause irritation to the internal system and external system of the body. This includes irritation to the eyes, throat, nose, GI tract and respiratory system. When in contact with these chemicals proper PPE should be worn to reduce contact. Equipment that came in contact with the chemicals should be properly washed to prevent reactions from occurring. To prevent health problems from occurring workers should ensure proper clothing be worn such as long sleeves and overalls and proper eye wear to protect the eyes. Bio-Terge PAS-8S if inhaled can cause a lack of coordination, irritation to the eyes , nausea and headaches. By examining this I would say that marijuana was not a factor in Tiffani Especilli's case.
1) Bio-Terge PAS-8S- Stefan Company, 22 west Frontage Rd. Northfield Illinois 60093-primary ingredient Alkane Sulphonate: This chemical is very irritating to the eyes, causes skin irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract and if larges amounts of Bio-Terge PAS-8S are ingested this can cause major gastrointestinal problems such as nausea and diarrhea. If inhaled can cause lack of coordination. Hands should be washed thoroughly after using this chemical and should be stored in a well air-circulated environment.
2) Sequestrene 30 A Code LA4391 Vopak Canada Ltd., 9800n Van Horne Way, Richmond BC V6X 1W5 Product Number 39445 WHMIS D-2A (very toxic) Corrosive Liquid: This chemical is an odourless yellow substance that can cause irritation to the skin and eyes and even can lead to blindness. The liquids and mists can cause irritation to the eyes. If it comes in contact with eyes the eyes should be flushed out immediately. If it comes in contact with the skin then the skin should be washed with lots of soap and water. The chemical can cause a harmful burn to skin if the skin is irritated.
3) Mesto Beads 2048 Sodium Metasilicate: This chemical is a white, odourless powder like substance. It is corrosive to the eyes, skin and digestive tract. This chemical is non-combustible but is corrosive. It is advised to wear protective attire, goggles, rubber boots and a NIOSH approved dust respirator while using this particular substance.
4) Keyazine Rhodamine 6GDN 500% Id 603-001-60 Keystone Aniline Corporation, 2501 West Fulton Street, Chicago Illinois, 60612 Powder Xanthene Dye:
This chemical is red in colour and is in powder form. This chemical can be toxic if swallowed and is a serious risk to eyes. It can cause swelling, redness, discolouration and even change of vision in a worker. It is a very dangerous substance that should be taken seriously.
5) Bio-Soft N1-7 PF691- Stefan Company, 22 west Frontage Rd. Northfield Illinois 60093- primary ingredient Alcohols C11 Ethoxlated: This chemical is in a form of a hazy liquid that is a gentle odorous material. This chemical is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and also can cause nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting. It can also cause irritation in the mucous membranes if inhaled.
6) Bio-Soft S-101A PA602- Stefan company, 22 west Frontage Rd. Northfield Illinois 60093-primary ingredient Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid: This substance is a viscous liquid which is a dark colour and is very acidic. This chemical can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, GI tract and Respiratory tract. Equipment should be washed properly after use and properly stored in a properly ventilated area.
7) D-Limonene, redistilled- L. V. Lomas Limited, 99 Summerlea Rd., Brampton Ont. Primary ingredient Cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4: This particular chemical is extremely hazardous if ingested by a worker and may cause nausea, vomiting and headaches. This chemical also causes irritation to the eyes and skin. Inhalation of this chemical can cause irritation to the respiratory and digestive tract. A NIOSH-respirator and goggles should be used when working with this substance.
8) Disufloton, in a pure form (Workplace label) - no supplier information: This chemical comes in the form of a toxic substance which is extremely dangerous to the skin and if ingested. Proper PPE should be given to those who come in contact with this particular chemical.
9) Styrene, monomer, in a pure form (Workplace label) - no supplier information: This chemical is a clear colourless liquid that is a potential carcinogen. It is not that toxic and can cause damage to the kidney, GI tract, respiratory tract, skin and eyes. It should be stored in a well ventilated area free from obstruction.
Theory Management used:
Dick Withers, your approach at management is not a great one. You always pertain to god as a way of solving the workplace issues. You never take scientific solutions into consideration but instead you use a lazy and not so serious approach to serious issues that could turn out to be fatal.
Conclusion/Summary of accident:
Observing the company from the many infractions exposed it seems that the company has surprisingly lasted this long in business. Safety issues alone have triggered an alarm as to why nothing had been done to close the company down. The ministry should have placed this company in lockdown until all infractions and violations have been solved and improved. In order for this company to be up to standards, many changes have to take place. These changes have been noted and shall take place immediately. Proper training and extensive safeguarding of workers is crucial in a workplace and this includes employees to be extra vigilant of workers health and safety. Workers are exposed to hazardous chemicals and products that should be treated and handled in an efficient manner. Without the treatment and proper handling of these chemicals can cause a serious workplace injury or accident to occur. It is crucial that all workers follow the rules that are spread out and have proper training to ensure full safety is present.
On November 1, Tiffani Especialli was exposed to the following chemicals: Bio-Terge PAS-8S, Sequestrene 30A, Metso Beads 2048, Keyazine Rhodamine GGDN 500%, Bio-Soft N1-7 PF691, Bio-Soft S-101A PA602, D-Limonene, Disulfoton and Styrene. These chemicals cause irritation to skin, eyes, mucous membrane, GI tract and respiratory tract. Proper PPE should be used to protect the workers from the chemicals and the material should resist the chemicals. Proper ventilation should be provided where the chemicals are used. Training and education of the chemicals should be given to ensure safety precautions and to protect the health and safety of the workers.
According to Regulation 851/90 section 81- workers shall wear a face shield, Regulation 851-90 section 84 states that workers shall wear gloves and aprons and Regulation 860/90 section 7(1) states that WHMIS training is needed for employees. All of these regulations have been violated and this is the company's responsibility that these are mandatory for the worker. If these Regulations had been followed, this would have never occurred in the first place.
Analysis of the accident allows me to acknowledge that the cause is because of not using proper personal protective equipment. There was nothing to protect Tiffani Especialli from the chemical fumes and splashing that caused the explosion. A fume hood could have been used to prevent this from occurring.
When handing D-Limonene personal protective equipment is extremely important. NIOSH respirators should be a preventable measure and showers should be within a short distance of the area. Goggles and protective attire should have protected Tiffani from the explosion, instead of using equipment that didn't contain good quality material and that caused injuries.
To prevent any future accidents from occurring, necessary safety measures should be taken such as replacing PPE and substituting new and updated equipment that is regulated. Proper training of the personal protective equipment and hazards of chemicals needs to be implemented so safety measures are undertaken. Overall the company has many infractions to take care of and improve upon. The necessary changes and solutions have been outlined and it is the company's priority to act upon these solutions and fix the issues that cannot be tolerated in the future. I will be in this company until all the regulations have been met and I will help as much as possible in providing resources.
If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me at (416)988-7856.
Yours truly,
Daxini Rasanayagam
Daxini Rasanayagam Student #- 500 187 544
Sources/References(APA):
1) MSDS. (1991). Retrieved June 22, 2010, from http:// www.msds.com.
2) Deltrex Chemicals. (1999). Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http:// http://deltrex.com.au/MSDS_Index.htm.
3) Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2009). Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/about.html#_1_7.
4) Ontario Ministry of Labour- Health and Safety. (2009). Retrieved June 21, 2010, from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/.
5) Stepan. (2010). Retrieved June 21, 2010, from http://stepan.com/en/
6) WSIB Ontario. (1998). Retrieved June 22, 2010, from http://www.wsib.on.ca/wsib/wsibsite.nsf/public/Home_e
7) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2009). Retrieved June 23, 2010, from
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov
8) Keystone Aniline Corp. (2006). Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://dyes.com/Default.html
9) Health Canada-Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS). (2008). Retrieved June 26, 2010, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/occup-travail/whmis-simdut/index-eng.php
