The aim of this study work is to construct a solar based DC water pump which would be used in rural and isolated zones. There are ample amount of villages and towns who do not have the privilege of possessing electric current supplies in the respective areas. By taking
A look at the current scenario of our present economic crisis the solar water pumping system would be a benefited boon to the people it not only save the electricity but also in turns the save the wealth i.e. the capital. It's not only easily available in the market but can be constructed as well.
The development of the human kind has derived number of methods of developing a water pump. The different sources of power used by people to generate energy are as follows:
Human energy ( man power ).
Animal power (cow and ox ).
Hydro power (at water dams and bunds).
Wind power (wind mill to generate electricity).
Solar power (solar water heater and solar cooker ).
Fuel ( diesel and gasoline).
The most common pumps used in rural and isolated communities are hand pumps, borehole pumps which are driven by fuel such as diesel, electrically submersible pumps which are run by diesel generators and last but not the least solar pumps.
Advantages
Disadvantages
HAND PUMP
Can be easily manufactured locally
Easy maintenance
Minimal capital cost
Fuel cost zero
Trouncing of human efficiency
Repeated &unproductive use of boreholes
Flow rates minimal
ANIMAL POWER
Prevailing than humans
Subordinate remuneration than human power
Dung is useful as cooking fuel
Constant food requirement to be met for animals
Regularly abstracted to other action at critical irrigation periods
HYDRAULIC PUMP
No supervision required
Fuel cost zero
Effortless to preserve
Stumpy expenditure
Long life
Lofty consistancy
Involves precise location settings
Low output
WIND PUMP
Easily manufactured locally
No fuel required
Long life
No supervision required
Effortless to preserve
Water has to be stored due to the scarcity of wind
High project planning and system design needed
Difficult to install
SOLAR PUMP
Zero fuel cost
Long life [20]years approx
Easily manufacture locally
Minimum maintenance
Can be easily installed
No supervision required
Water has to be stored for cloudy period
Often undergoes repairing (skilled technicians required)
DIESEL &GASOLINE PUMP
Easily installed
Minimal capital cost
Used world wide
Is portable
Fuel is expensive
High maintenance
Short life
Results in noise &fume pollution
Aim
Is to construct solar water pump constituting Pv array which would convert solar energy into electrical energy as direct current {DC}
Application of solar water pump
Water supply for rural and isolated areas.
Livestock watering .
Irrigation.
Village and water supply is very dominating . though there is a very high demand of water storage for a period of low solar radiation during rainy season this demands can be met by rain water harvesting .the main application of solar water pumping are for livestock watering mainly in the U.S and Australia .village water system and livestock watering are used in Africa whereas solar water pumping for Irrigation are mainly used in countries like India and China.
Technology
Solar water pump consist of following components ,photovoltaic array which convert solar energy directly into electricity as direct current (DC) .the pump is driven by an electric motor all the different characteristic of this component aught to be matched to get the efficient result ,the pump motor unit has its own optimum speed and load depending on the type and the size of the pump.
Motor
Two types of motor is being used such as Dc motor or Ac motor. Inverter is required if we are using Ac motor .which exist more broadly .inverter's have become low coast and are well organized . electronic control inverter with variable frequency is mainly use in solar pumping system .by which panel and the pump linking can be optimise in order to maintain. and due to the method or system is fewer proficient batteries are also required for a usual Ac motor system.
The stable magnet motor
It is generally proficient for a Dc motor. Cd motor might contain carbon brushes .when brushed Dc motor is being made into use .than in order to change brushes {roughly about two years} equipment required to pull out of the well .
Design with no brush is present in which as a replacement for commentators along with brushes electric circuits is use. the design without brush of Dc motors needed electronic commutation .which is being well liked in solar pumping system .
Following are the system arrangement and the pump choice.
Submersible pumps
It can be easily installed with lay flat pipe work and motor pump position is flooded away from potential harm. Pump with electronic weight controller can be submersed with weight controllers above the earth or surface .
Multistage centrifugal pumps
It can be switch on at low torque. With no electronic controllers can be synchronized with the solar array. it is not well organized as positive dislocation pumps with low cost electronic weight manager use full for short heads.
Submerged pump with motor mounted on the surface .
Benefits of this type of pump are that .motor maintenance can be easily accessible. Power victims [losses] are shortly effected in shaft bearing. Installation price of the pump is high .which is its disadvantage for which it is mostly replace by submersible pump set as well as the motor.
Surface suction pump set
This pump set is moreover appropriate in short head application .because of its exposed system. it requires presence of operator in order to security as well as it maintenance. In order to have additional than eight suction heads is not possible .fewer ordinary solar powered pumps along with solar pv motorized reciprocating piston pumps or thermos phones as thermal solar pumps are present which are present which are not used commercially.
+ve displacement helical pumps
Similar specs of water relief, head as volume pressure. +ve displacement helical pump contains most excellent
Effectiveness with the least pv panel. Their rotational speed is short .inside a rubber covering a metallic helical rotor rotate .which is fit designed for greater head .during cloudy season mono solar pump is time consuming but due to its lowest speed water flow is continuous not like centrifugal pumps
