Over the past few years, wireless communications went through exponential growth and will unquestionably carry on watching the fabulous developments because of the materialization of new multimedia appliances and highly integrated systems driven by the fast growth in information services and electronic gadgets. Till now, maximum of the current mobile systems are concentrating on voice communications with less transmission rates. In the coming days, however, broadband data at high transmission rates will be necessary in order to allow users packet-based connectivity to an affluence of services. It is also very clear that the next Generation (XG) wireless networks will consist of correspondent systems with a set of high standards and technologies along with different requirements and interrelating proficiencies that will tender the users' wall to wall wireless connectivity between cellular and desktop computers, gaming, machines, mobiles, electronics and other hand devices. The main compulsion in upcoming wireless system is its capability to support internet connection with end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS), a high speed, and throughput and less expensive. In order to support such facilities, new issues and point of issue should be labeled. This particular talk will discuss the difficulties going in the 3G networks and necessary issues affecting to the growth of mobile communication networks from GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) to GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) to 3G (Third Generation) and to CDMA and WCDMA.
INTRODUCTION:
3G - is the short form of third generation - is a comprehensive article for the third generation of mobile and wireless communications systems. Mobiles these days are mostly using '3G', and use of GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) digital systems. But these protocols have a limited data communication but a very high bit-rate voice communications, and also different other services, like SMS (short message services). The main difference between 2G and 3G services is high rate of data transmission, measured in megabits per second (Mbps). As a result the 3G mobiles are capable of supporting various services like video calling, MMS, conferencing, and high speed internet .UK uses UMTS: universal mobile telecommunication system. 3G brought a tremendous change in the use of mobiles phones and the applications in mobiles increased to a very large extent.
BACKGROUND:
Analogue radio system and circuit switching systems are used in the first generation mobile phones. They provided a very low voice transmission, no security and a very low capacity. First generation systems, namely AMPS (advanced mobile phone system), NMT (Nordic mobile telephone) are no longer used anywhere across the world and are neither considered for development. In some parts of the world the spectrum which is used for the first generation is re- auctioned. In the first generation, analogue encoding is used and it is shifted to the digital encoding in 2G and the TDMA (time division multiple access) came into picture for the first time as the transmission method. 2G was a massive success with GSM dominated many parts of the world where as the Americans adopted CDMA and GSM as well. There was a very huge response for the mobile phones especially the rise of SMS services began and internet usage grew rapidly. So the industries were forced to provide fast data services in their mobiles and so the requirement helped to develop a successor that is capable of providing such services. GSM was developed to support high data rates, by introducing packet-switching GPRS (general packet radio service) technology, whereas consequences demanded for 3G and a massive hype was creating an unstoppable bandwagon. When the boom of dotcom grew in March 2000, network operator Vodafone became UK's largest company also in the stock market, at £240 billion sales forecasts of less than £20 billion. However, the radio spectrum licenses were auctioned that year which are useful for the 3G system (2200 MHz or 2.2GHz). There after the results for the auction are declared on April 27th, which silenced everyone by increasing a massive £22.5 billion. Germany's auction when compared to UK raised - £31 billion. But that was just the starting period so the auction was hugely raised and later on when the boom reduced, the auction held in Italy produced just £7.5 billion, much lesser than expected £13 billion. The first CDMA technology in the world was launched by NTT DoCoMo in japan in 2001 October 1st. 3G service launches in UK was not that easy for the users when Hutch 3G services are launched on March 3rd 2003 (3/3/03), which was tough for consumers to obtain a mobile.
MIGRATION TO 3G:
3 G-TECHNOLOGIES:
3G is the standard qualification of the mobiles released which are compatible with the International Mobile Telecommunications for encouraging multimedia. Since the GSM air interface data charges were unsatisfactory to contribute for excellent multimedia applications through mobile phones 3G specifications are released and paved way for the next generation standard. Major benefits of 3G are the applications such as multimedia applications, video conferencing; high speed internet, video calls, high speed internet, video live streaming, and location based services are included in the mobile phones.3G commercial network was first officially launches in Japan in 2001. In 3G, the multiple access technique which is the variation of Code Division Multiple Access known as WCDMA utilizes bandwidth of 5MHZ allowing high data rates. Many of the various CDMA technologies such as CDMA2000, CDMA2000 are still used in various places all around the globe. The data rates for the 3G are 384Kbps for the moving subscribers in a downlink and for the stationary users the data rate is 2Mbps. The component design consists of optimized antenna and multi band adapters. It was predominantly voice driven and the data should always be added on.
ADVANTAGES OF 3G:
The best advantage 3G possesses when compared to that of all the other generation mobiles is the amount of speed and the bit rate. The capability enabled the service providers that allowed producing plenty of bandwidth applications that would have never been possible. Mainly there are two reasons that forced to the improvement of the 3G. First one being the need for higher data rate services, like Wi-Fi (wireless internet access). The next is the use of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum to a very large extent possible. 3G now-a-days was used worldwide with a very fast browsing by the wireless services available. There are plenty of benefits like packet data offers many advantages over present circuit-switched methods used for transmitting voice signals.3G also supports photography, multimedia applications(MMS), video recording. Customers using the 3G services will be billed depending on the data they use for transmission but not on the time they stick to the network. Whereas in 3G you are constantly online and just pay for the information you receive. The 3G networks that are packet based will allow users to stay online whenever they want as they are capable to handle huge number of new applications.
DISADVANTAGES:
The main disadvantage of the 3G technology is its high costs when compared to that of 2G. This arises because of the maintenance and the technology that is used in 3G. The base stations are required to be closer to each other which reflect in the investment of huge capital. The power consumption needed for the 3G mobile phones is more. As a result the size of the battery increases and so the mobile phone appears much bigger than that of the 2G mobile phones. The network covered in 3G will be comparatively less when compared to 2G. There may be many harmful effects on a person using 3G mobile because of the electromagnetic waves for communication.
CRITICAL REVIEW:
This paper explains about the use of 3G technology in mobile communications. It mainly talks about the need of using 3G technology and advantages of this technology. As stated 3G technology offers many advantages like video calling, photography, MMS. But for a starter 3G technology may seem expensive, mainly because 3G spectrum licenses are very costly. The paper also states that the users of this service will be billed depending on the data used for transmission, but this is beyond the current demands of the average user. Another important thing that should be considered is, a mobile phone doesn't exactly work the way it is advertised. Anyone who has used a mobile phone will be familiar with the system failures. These problems will still continue even if 3G technology is used. After synthesizing all of the data presented in this paper it seems reasonable to say that the decision of adopting 3G technology must be considered based on the potential benefits as well as risks.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:
3G technology sticks to two main fastest growing sectors namely Internet and Mobile. The capacity of a wireless network in terms of bandwidth needs to be strengthened. In the coming future mobility is no longer an add-on. This will be the basic functionality and aspect of the mobile phones. The main threat to 3G is wireless LAN because of the speed it offers is more than that of the speed offered by 3G. So this problem is to be resolved.
CONCLUSION:
The introduction of 3G has brought a tremendous change in the area of wireless networks. Flexibility in accessing the internet grew especially for the employees who work for the computer organizations to access the data required. It has become an integral part of life for any individual. Consequential transformation will surely prevail by this drastic evolution in the technology using mobile wireless networks.
