One of the recurrent things in our report has been the SWOT Analysis of the country. During the past few decades we have leaved in culture that is the evidence of changing people's preference in everything.
We have chosen to prepare a report on SWOT Analysis of the country because of its importance for the people. At first when we were putting down our efforts we have no idea what we would have to say through our report but however we put aside all doubts and begun to examine Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.
Every country has struggled to attain its goals. Generations have given their best to make life better for their children. There is nothing strange or hidden about it an alternative to effort. And yet we not succeed to follow the winning track. More than the problems outside - globalization, recession, inflation, insecurity, and so on - we are concerned about the inactivity that has gripped the Country psyche, the mindset of defeat. We believe that when we believe in our goals that what we dream of can become reality results will began to follow.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
While we are of course solely responsible for the content in this report. We want to be grateful several people for their support. From the practical study we have got the experience and improved our knowledge and it provides us guidelines to perform work in actual situation.
We have thankful to director of our college Prof. Mehta sir, to providing all the facilities to make this report and for all encouragement. Firstly we are grateful to the faculty who reviewed this report and provided us with rich guidance Prof. Meetali Saxena.
We are thankful to all those respondents who actively engaged with our research given their precious time to us. At home we want to recognize the support and patience of our parents during the many hours we spent on working on the report.
We acknowledge our gratitude towards all those who directly or indirectly provided timely help and encourage us throughout the course of this work.
INTRODUCTION OF UGANDA
The Ugandans were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago. Population - who were probably from central Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the nation? These groups brought and urbanized ironworking skills and new ideas of social and political organization.
Uganda is divided into districts, extend across four administrative regions: Northern, Eastern, And Central (Kingdom of Buganda) and Western. The districts are subdivided into countries. A number of districts have been added in the past few years, and on 1 July2006 eight others were added plus others added in 2010. There are at the present over 100 districts. Mainly districts are named after their main commercial and administrative towns. Each district is separated into sub-districts, counties, sub-counties, communities and villages.
Independence of Uganda: Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962. The time since then has been marked by irregular clashes, most recently a civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army.
Motto of Uganda:
"Kwaajiliya Munguna Nchiyangu"
(For God and My Country)
National Anthem of Uganda:
"Oh Uganda, land of Beauty"
» Geography:
Area: 241,038 sq. km. (93,072 sq. mi.); about the size of Oregon.
Cities: Capital-Kampala (2009 pop. 1.5 million). Other cities- Gulu, Jinja, Lira, Kasese, Mbale, Mbarara
Terrain: 27.9% of land area is arable, 11.2% is permanent cropland, and 17.5% is forest.
Climate: Tropical; generally raining with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast.
» People:
Nationality: Ugandan(s).
Population (2010):33.4million.
Annual population growth rate: 3.2%.
Ethnic groups: Baganda, Banyankole, Bahima, Bakiga, Banyarwanda, Bunyoro, Batoro, Langi, Acholi, Lugbara, Karamojong, Basoga, Bagisu, and others.
Religions (2009): Christian 85%, Muslim 12%, other 3%.
Languages: English (official), Swahili (official), Luganda, and numerous other local languages.
Education: Attendance (2010; primary school enrollment)--91%. Literacy (2010)--73.2%.
Health (2010 est.): Infant mortality rate-63/1,000. Life expectancy-53 years.
»Government:
Type: Republic.
Constitution: Ratified July 12, 1995; promulgated October 8, 1995.
Independence: October 9, 1962.
Branches:
Executive--president, vice president, prime minister, cabinet.
Legislative--parliament.
Judicial--Magistrates' Courts, High Court, Court of Appeals (Constitutional Court), Supreme Court.
Administrative subdivisions: 112 districts.
Political parties: 38 registered parties. Major political parties include the National Resistance Movement (NRM, the ruling party), Forum for a Democratic Change (FDC), Democratic Party (DP), Conservative Party (CP), Justice Forum (JEEMA), and Uganda People's Congress (UPC), among others.
National holiday: Independence Day, October 9.
The 1995 constitution established Uganda as a republic with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The constitution provides for an executive president, to be elected every 5 years. President Yoweri Museveni, in power since 1986, was elected in 1996 and reelected in 2001, 2006, and 2011. Legislative responsibility is vested in the parliament; legislative elections are held every 5 years. Because of redistricting, the parliament elected in February 2011 grew from 332 to 375 members, including 112 special seats for women, 10 special seats for military, five for youth, and five for persons with disabilities. The Ugandan judiciary operates as an independent branch of government and consists of magistrate's courts, high courts, courts of appeals (which also function as constitutional courts), and the Supreme Court. Parliament and the judiciary are independent bodies and wield significant power.
» Principal Government Officials:
President and Commandant in Chief Yoweri Kaguta Museveni
Vice President-Edward Ssekandi
Prime Minister-Amama Mbabazi
Foreign Minister-Sam Kutesa
Minister of Defense-Crispus Kiyonga
Ambassador to the United States- Perezi.K.Kamunanwire
SWOT ANALYSIS OF UGANDA
INTRODUCTION
Basically SWOT analysis is the important to analyze the country , industry or company. SWOT analysis stands to Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. So here we can make the very good evaluation of any country, industry or company.
C:\Users\upsdjan\Desktop\SWOT-Analysis.jpg
The above diagram gives very clear-cut idea about the SWOT analysis.
Political:
Strengths:
Uganda has experienced more than 20 years of relative political stability. Constitution of Uganda provides freedom to speak, religion, and movement. The Government of Uganda through its Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP) and from international donors has helped communities in northern Uganda rebuild and recover from the 20-year humanitarian catastrophe caused by the LRA.
Weaknesses:
The government sometimes uses charges of unlawful assembly, inciting violence, and promoting sectarianism to curtail government critics' freedom of speech and assembly.
The vicious and cult-like Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) operated from 1986 to 2006 in northern Uganda, where it killed thousands of people, kidnapped thousands of children to serve as soldiers and workers, and forced to leave approximately 1.75 million Ugandans.
In 2011, security forces of Uganda used live ammunition, tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons to disrupt opposition-led protests against rising prices, leaving at least 10 dead and many more injured.
Opportunities:
Uganda has opportunity to make stable political party and also stable economic growth. There have been no LRA attacks in northern Uganda since August 2006. As a result, the majority of the 1.75 million former internally displaced persons (IDPs) have returned to or near their homes, so now Uganda can develop that part.
Threats:
Uganda is a country where so many political parties are in existence. Multiparty politics dynamics in Uganda.
There is still gender discrimination in Uganda and this is really threat to the economy in its growth. Through this the environment is also disturbed and even the policy is not very effective in this case. There is less political stability in Uganda. There is internal conflict always going on.
Uganda's democratic experiences, over the years, suggest that political parties have not significantly contributed to cultivating democratic governance in the country. In Uganda political parties are institutionalized. The power of money has become the main factor in the Uganda's politics and elections.
The inter party conflict mainly coming from unequal distribution of political resources and incentives stands as a major factor responsible for the weakness of political parties in Uganda. More importantly, lack of respect and recognition of the opposition views by the ruling party, undermines democratic values, which in most cases breeds antagonism and makes political institutions in the country very weak.
Economical:
Museveni's government has taken vital steps toward economic action and adopted policies that have promote rapid economic development. The country's infrastructure notably its transportation and haulage systems that were cracked by war and neglect is being rebuilt recognize the need for increased external support, Uganda negotiated a policy structure paper with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in 1987. It afterward began implementing economic policies that resulted in a consistent pace of economic growth. Uganda was the first country to be eligible for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and had virtually all of its foreign debts forgiven by the IMF, World Bank, and major donors. Growth rates in fiscal years 2009 and 2010 were 7.2% and 5.2%, respectively. Food prices rose dramatically in 2011 and average annual inflation was 18.7%, the largest increase in two decades.
Strengths:
The service sector was the largest contributor to GDP in 2010 (at 50%). Manufacturing and agriculture contributed 26% and 24%, respectively. Despite their declining shares of Uganda's GDP, the agriculture and fishing sectors provide just about 80% of employment in Uganda. Uganda is Africa's second leading producer of coffee, which accounted for about 17% of the country's exports in 2009 and 2010. Exports of nontraditional products, including apparel, skins, vanilla, vegetables, fruits, cut flowers, and fish are growing, while traditional exports such as cotton, tea, and tobacco continue to be mainstays.
Export of coffee is their main export of the Uganda. In development in power and oil. Through power and oil their progress is made.
Weakness:
In 2009/10, it was estimated that 5.9 million, or 19.3% of the population were between the ages of 15 and 24. Youth unemployment was estimated at 4.3%, higher than for the labour force as a whole, at 3.8%. Youth unemployment and underemployment trends in Uganda are driven by a variety of factors, including the lack of employable skills, limited access to ï¬nancial and technical resources, the insufficient importance on vocational training and a difference between skills and requirements in the job market. Due to unemployment inflation is increasing and so that intrest rate is also high. Inflation happening to decline in November 2011 and is expected to continue falling to 16% by the end of December 2012 and to 14.1% by 2013.Electrycity charge is high and there is power cut in whole country upto 12hours.There are lack of skilled worker and wages rate are poor.
Opportunities:
According to some interviewees, labor and cotton costs are 20 percent cheaper in Uganda than in China. These savings, coupled with dutyfree access to the USA and EU markets, result in operating costs that are half of those in China.Recent investment guides outline opportunities in the manufacturing of textile products such as lint, fabrics and mixed fabrics and fiber yarns. Ugandan cotton farmers don't use pesticide on their farms, creating opportunities for the processing of organic cotton products. Opportunities also exist in serving the regional market, taking advantage of Uganda's strategic central location in East and South Africa. Uganda is planning to start large scale oil production and expects to reach a peak of 2 lkh barrels per day in2016. It could yield revenue of up to USD two billion annually to the government. The commissioning of the Bujagali hydropower dam, which is planned to start operating in 2012 and which will increase generation capacity by 160-250 MW, is expected to ease power shortages in the short term.
Threats:
boost in unemployment is biggest threat to Uganda. Its increase inflation in the country. The slowdown in U.K and U.S economy also affect to country ,so they tightening of both ï¬scal and monetary policies by the Ugandan authorities since mid 2011 has also contribute to a reduction of economic activity.
SOCIAL:
Strength:
Uganda is one of 13 African countries which were represented at a high level intergovernmental conference on Social Protection held in Livingstone, Zambia, in 2006 AD . Recognizing the large benefits which can generate from the introduction of social protection programmes, delegates at the conference urged the respective African governments to invest in social transfer programmes to address growing extreme poverty. A call was made for the introduction of social pensions and social transfers to a cross-section of vulnerable children, men and women, including older persons, people with disabilities, orphans and other weak children, and many others who live in poverty.
A advice was also made for African governments to put together costed national social transfer plans within two to three years that are integrated within national development plans and within national budgets, and that development partners can supplement. Similarly a call was made for increased investment in institutional and human resource capacity and accountability systems; as well as in reliable long-term funding for social protection, both from national budgets and from development partners.
Weaknesses:
The payment of pension debts has been a major challenge for the government. March 2007, there were a total of 44,000 civil service sector pension beneficiary and the pension arrears accumulate had reached some UGX 289 billions. The government has allocated UGX 200 billions from the 2007 to 2008 budget towards clearing this debt, although this still leaves a shortfall of UGX 89 billions.
Other problems associated with pension payments in Uganda include insufficient institutional capacity for effective service delivery, delayed payments of benefits, the low value of actual pension packages, the incapacity to meet basic needs from the benefits, and high transport costs for collect payments.
The Refugee Act of 2007 and Immigrants Act of 1999 provide protection and assistance to haven seekers, refugees and immigrants, with a focus on assisting and protecting refugees living in refugee settlement. There are no special social security arrangements for refugees and immigrants, and since they fall under the category of the poor in Uganda as well-known by the MGLSD, most social security services are accessed through public institutions where resources are usually limited.
Opportunities:
Growth: social insurance can have a positive impact on growth and stimulates demand for local goods. And improve Uganda socity.
Investment in assets: Social protection facilitates investment in human and physical assets that can increase returns to economic activity and reduce the risk of future poverty (i.e. contributes to two of the objectives of pro-poor growth).
Protects assets: Social protection protects productive assets so that people can maintain or recover their productivity following shocks.
Attitudes: Social protection can transform the risk-taking behaviour of the poor, giving them greater confidence to invest in higher-return activities.
Targeting: They can target particular categories of the poorest, e.g. supporting greater engagement of women in economic activities.
Labour markets: Social protection can help the labour market to work more efficiently; e.g. cash transfers help the poor cover the cost of seeking and regularly attending work
Behaviour: Reduces behavioural responses to vulnerability (e.g. postponing health care or switching to poor quality foods) & reduces incentives for unproductive unsocial behaviour
By providing strong safety nets and fostering social cohesion, it facilitates positive social & economic change and reduces the likelihood of conflict.
Social protection prevents, mitigates and enhances the ability of the poor to cope with and recover from major hazards faced by poor people.
Social protection contributes to chronically poor people's ability to emerge from poverty, deprivation and insecurity, empowers the poor to address their own poverty, and increases livelihood security.
Threats:
Market failures are partly responsible for the levels of risk and weakness faced by the poor. The absence of insurance markets and the failure of banking services to reach poor people mean that the poor have less opportunity to save for their own protection, and have no admission to formal insurance against shocks. Such failures tend to account for a substantial proportion of persistent low rates of economic growth. Dealing with the causes of such market failures (high transactions costs) will require among other things, institutional development and financial sector reform mutual with spreading microfinance institutions to the greatest extent possible.
TECHNICAL:
Strengths:
Presence of Government political will in the area of national information security. Establishment of the National Information Technology Authority - Uganda. Constitution of the National Information Security Working Group. Ongoing approval process of the National IT Policy, E-Government Framework, Information Management Policy and E-Waste Policy.
Weaknesses:
Inadequate technologies for the processing of agricultural and mineral products. Lack of entrepreneurship development and SME support institutions.
Inadequate industrial institutional support services for the development of a competitive industrial sector.
Limited scope for forward and backward integration of industries and of industry in relation to other sectors, in particular, the agriculture - industry connection, which is presently very narrow
Lack of engineering industries, especially industries manufacturing capital goods midway goods, spare parts and components, all of which have restricted Uganda's choice of technologies for industrialization, in particular, for product plan, manufacture and maintenance know-how.
Opportunities:
Actively participate in international co-operations on information security. Join international/ regional agencies created for fighting cyber crime. E.g. OIC CERT, IMPACT Organization of an annual international event on information security.
Increased availability of ICT literate graduates. Implement ICT including information security awareness campaigns among graduates.
Improvement in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of the ICT sector. Ensure that information security activities are incorporated in the planning, monitoring and evaluation frameworks
Presence of the Ministry of ICT, NITA-U and the ICT Parliamentary Session Committee. Utilize these key stakeholders to obtain sufficient funding and the necessary support for legal and regulatory frameworks on information security.
Threats:
Cyber crime, cyber warfare and cyber terrorism. Establishment of a national Computer Incident Response Team with a 24/7 call centre. Establishment of constituency Computer Incident Response Teams. Establishment of a Watch and Alert Centre
Undefined cross-border jurisdiction for cyber litigation. Develop and implement cross-border jurisdiction for cyber crime litigation. Ratification of the Budapest Convention on Cyber Crime. Join international/ regional agencies created for fighting cyber crime. Reliance on imported hardware and software
Put in place mechanisms that detect and control the quality of imported software.
Promote usage and certification of locally engineered software applications. Fast changing technology.
Increase vigilance on adoption of upcoming technologies with emphasis on information security.
Environmental:
Strength:
Uganda is known as "The Pearl of Africa", Uganda lies in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa. Uganda's three national parks total over 6,300 sq km (2,400 sq mi). As of 2001, 7.9% of Uganda's total land area was protected. Uganda The same year, 18 of the nation's mammal species and 10 of the nation's bird species were endangered, as well as 8 species of plants. Endangered or extinct species include the mountain gorilla, northern white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, and Nile crocodile.
Weaknesses:
Uganda has 39 cu km of renewable water resources with 60% used for farming and 8% used for industrial activity. Roughly 80% of the nation's city dwellers and 47% of the people living in rural areas have access to pure drinking water. Forests and woodlands were reduced by two-thirds between 1962 and 1977. By 1985, 193 square miles of forests were eliminated. Between 1983 and 1993, an additional 7.7% of forest and woodland were lost. Wetlands have been drained for agricultural use.
Opportunities:
Uganda's three national parks total over 6,300 sq km (2,400 sq mi). As of 2001, 7.9% of Uganda's total land area was protected.so they can encourage the tourism through wild life.Uganda has 39 cu km of renewable water resources with 60% used for farming and 8% used for industrial activity.
Threats:
Major environmental problems in Uganda include overgrazing, deforestation, and primitive agricultural methods, all of which lead to soil erosion.Attempts at controlling the propagation of tsetse flies have involved the use of hazardous chemicals. The nation's water supply is threatened by toxic industrial pollutants; mercury from mining activity is also found in the water supply.
LEGAL:
The general the structure of Uganda's legal sector appears as follows:
Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs
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The Judiciary
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Judicial Service Commission
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The Law Reform Commission
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The Electoral Commission
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The Uganda Land Commission
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Uganda Registration Services Bureau
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Uganda Human Rights Commission
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Kampala City Council
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The Law Council
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The Law Development Centre
Strengths:
As we see the structure of laws we can come to know that it is well structured and Uganda has good provisions of laws.
The ULS is governed by an executive council with representatives from each of the four regions of Uganda. It is a member of the East Africa Law Society, which also includes members from Kenya, Tanzania, Kigali and Burundi.
Another thing is that, Uganda has changed its constitution 3 times till date. The first was the 1962 constitution which was replaced by the 1967 constitution. In 1995 a new constitution was adopted and promulgated on October 8, 1995.
The Supreme Court is the highest Court in Uganda, and is the final court of Appeal.
Weaknesses:
The main institutions as established by the Uganda Constitution of 1995 include the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, the Judiciary, the Parliament, the Uganda Police Force, the Uganda Law Reform Commission, the Uganda Human Rights Commission, that makes the general public squeeze for getting justice.
In case of complexity in small case they have to go for Supreme Court.
Opportunities:
Though there is several weaknesses are threats but still there is opportunity to establish very strong legal framework.
They have to develop the high court and local authority so that the conflicts can be easily solved.
Threats:
In the wake of the terrorist attacks on the USA in 2001, security requirements surrounding data transfer and financial transactions were raised.
It is a member of the East Africa Law Society, which also includes members from Kenya, Tanzania, Kigali and Burundi, because of that it has threat of getting conflict of laws, judiciary and sometimes judgments also.
