Peasants were lower class people that agreed to work the vassals land in exchange for a small part of the crops and other harvested resources. They were given their own crops to tend as well as tending to the lords crops. Serfs were one step below peasants. Serfs were essentially slaves to the land. If the land changed hands, the serfs went with it to the new owner. This land was known as a fief. The fief consisted of a manor house, church, village of peasant shacks (where the workers lived),...
Chanakya identified military might as a critical factor of national power. With India preparing herself for war on two and a half fronts, it is necessary to restructure the armed forces in terms of size, organisation, equipment and doctrine. He also gave out the organisation of armed forces and how the various constituents had to be amalgamated to fight. Chanakya on War Campaign Planning. Chanakya listed out eight factors that had to be considered before setting out on a campaign. The king wa...
The strike at the Lawrence textile involved immigrant employees in Lawrence, in 1912, that was spearheaded by the industrial employees of the world. The strike took place after mill owners threatened to lower wages of its workers after the passage of a bill that shortened the work week. This strike is mostly known as the "bread and the roses" strike. The account of the Lawrence Strike that I find to be the most credible is the Watson's account. This is because, this account explains all the p...
Constituents: Volatile oil with menthol and esters, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes and a great many other constituents, some of them not as yet elucidated. (Barker: 387) Phytol, carotenoids, rosmarinic acid and tannins (McIntyre:144) Therapeutic actions: Antispasmodic, carminative, antemetic, stomachic, anticatarrhal, antiseptic and antipuritic (Barker: 387). Diaphoretic, analgesic, Nervine and circulatory stimulant (McIntyre: 144) Traditional uses: Puritis - Itching is one of the mo...
It is now 63 years since self-determination, so what have these countries achieved away from unhelpful wars within them and against each other and a standard of living that is by any quantify about the worst in the globe with the exception of certain ruined regions of Africa. Play with thy neighbor Indo-Pak Cricket Series: (Puniyani, 2012), surely to commence with both the countries not only require to restore the cricket but also take the steps in improving and upgrading ties in the area of ...
She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognize a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Spanish Revolution of 1868, and formally abdicated in 1870, but her son Alfonso XII became king in 1874. Queen regnant of Spain Reign: 29 September 1833 - 30 September 1868 (&000000000000003500000035 years, &00000000000000010000001 day) Abdication: 25 June 1870 (aged 39) Predecessor: Ferd...
Hygienic Modernity is a theoretically sophisticated book that grabbed my attention, especially as a pre-medical and prospective medical school student and as a future doctor. Learning about the past, present and future of medicine has always stimulated my inquiring mind. Furthermore, this reading paralleled the learning about the formulation of treaty-port China. The book follows the change of the meaning of health and disease in China as well as the transformation of the term weisheng. Ruth ...
The current political upheaval being experienced in Northern Africa can be traced to the varying historical relationships that existed in the many Saharan tribes. Before being colonized by Spain in 1974, there was no supra tribal authority linking the many tribes that inhabited the region. However, as Lehtinen (2000) noted, certain Saharan tribes recognized the religiousness of Moroccan dynasties, descendants of the prophet, based on personal loyalty (bei'a) to the Sultan (p.168-169). The now...
The Strip District is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is a one-half square mile area of land northeast of the central business district bordered to the north by the Allegheny River and to the south by portions of the Hill District. "The Strip District is a one-half square mile area northeast of downtown Pittsburgh."The Strip." as it is familiarly known, is just that -- a narrow strip of land in a flood plain confined by natural boundaries" (Pennsylvania). I...
"We have sought steadfastly to assist international movements to prevent war. We shun political commitments which might entangle us in foreign wars…Yet we must remember that so long as war exists on earth there will be some danger that even the Nation which most ardently desires peace may be drawn into war." -President Franklin Roosevelt in a speech at Chautauqua, New York, August 14, 1936 The years between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in ...
