In the current essay I would like to discuss and contrast the differences of the book "7 myths of the Spanish Conquest" and the sources considering "The Great Inca Rebellion". The classical definition of the slavery is- historically the first and the rudest form of exploitation when the slave is equal to the instrument of production.
Seven Myths of the Spanish conquest (in some editions, the title has been translated as "The Seven Myths of the Spanish conquest) is a book written by Matthew Restall ethno - historian, which presents seven myths about the Spanish colonization in America, which were taken as true. Using the methods of the New Philology, Restall questions several notions about how the Spanish managed to military and cultural hegemony over Latin America. The book was originally published in English.
As a fact, the Incas lived in the Andes in Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia. They created a majestic city of Cusco, Quito and Machu Picchu. While the Spaniards were favorably representing the Incas, as illiterate tribes, later studies showed that the Incas had their own written language and records.
The number of the Incas and the people dependent on them (Quechua, Aymara) reached 10 million, of whom 200,000 served in the army. When Francisco Pizarro appeared in South America, the power of the Incas was dissension, which defeated the prince Atahualpa. The Indians met the white men with great cordiality and hospitality.
Soon, Pizarro returned to Panama. The governor was not interested in propositions adventurer to send troops to the conquest of the Incas, according to Conquest, Capitulation, and Indian Treaties. However, he sailed to Spain and obtained an audience with Charles V. Monarch announced conquistador captain-general and gave him a small army. Pizarro got the 3 light sailboats, 67 troopers, armed with spears and swords, 157 infantrymen - spearmen and swordsmen, 20 long-range crossbowmen, only 3 soldiers with guns and 2 artillery guns.
Conquistadors took several towns, but the way he made atonement for the army of the Incas. The Spaniards came to be extremely treacherous. Inca leader Atahualpa (essentially, the usurper, who came to power through armed struggle for power with his brother Huascar, after the death of his father Huayna Capac) was summoned for talks. Pizarro had caught the leader of the Incas, and demanded a ransom for him in an entire room of 35 square meters, filled to the ceiling with gold. The order was executed, but Pizarro strangled the leader. Conquistadors took Cuzco and put up a puppet ruler Manco Inca. Conquerors, led by Diego de Almagro reached the land called Chile ('cold'). The consequences of this predatory expedition were also tragic: a half century the population of Chile and Peru decreased by 5 times. This was due not only to destruction of the Spanish population, but also diseases, listed by the conquerors. However, at this very colonialists won. From Spain came out gold, silver, and unknown to Europeans vegetables - corn, tomatoes, cocoa beans.
With the Spanish conquest of the Empire, were produced by a process of rapid change arising from a new society was a culture clash with the imposition of a religion and a foreign system of relationships that took advantage of the previous structure, albeit altered. To the Spaniards was the control of a vast empire consisting of large spaces are difficult to control with such rich and to ensure the manpower, well-organized politically and ruled with a system as complex and effective as the European.
The Inca system was based on self-sufficiency based on reciprocity complemented by the exchange, but the Spanish conquest meant the transition to a mercantile system of order continental, oriented according to the external demand that has also spawned a mining industry based on the exploitation of manpower indigenous. These changes caused a sharp demographic decline "supported" by brutal wars and epidemics.
The Spaniards established on the Isthmus of Panama in 1517, listened to continuously talk to the inhabitants of the area of power and wealth of its neighbors, those speaking were intended to ward off the Spaniards from their territory. Francisco Pizarro lured by reports of income in partnership with Diego de Almagro with Hernando Luque funding provided in 1524 Gov. Pedro Davila to conduct an expedition to the south, it took ten months to prepare the ships and left the port on November 14, 1524 The trip was a failure, but as a return on a second expedition in 1526 came after several penalties to the north of the Inca Empire by giving back to the news of seeing a land rich, powerful and organized.
The very Pizarro went to Spain to ask for permission from the king to conquer the land Inca in June 26, 1529 the capitulations naming Pizarro governor, Almagro Mayor Tumbez and Luque bishop with the obligation were to prepare an expedition, Pizarro underwent Alentejo to recruit people before embarking for America, and in early 1531 out the expedition, there were three boats and 180 men. The expedition was slow to reach Tumbez, where it landed on the ground and continue to November 15, 1532 came into Cajamarca, the next day, November 16, when the Inca Atahuallpa out of his camp to demand the Spaniards to leave the city, Pizarro makes Atahuallpa prisoner, and the Spaniards traveled the empire by collecting gold and on March 11, 1533 Chalcuchima was arrested, but only the Spaniards dominated Cajamarca, trying release the free generals square. On June 24, 1533 the Spaniards nobled Cajamarca, choosing the new Inca Tupac Huallca. Pizarro decided to go to the capital, Cuzco, taking with them the new Inca Chalcuchima and dying along the way as Chalcuchima was burned by trying to lift his men, the Spaniards appointed as the new Inca Manco, on November 15, 1533 entered the capital of the Inca.
The structure of colonial policy was based on the figure of the viceroy and he reorganizing empire with institutions of European cut in a centralized model, has led to sedentary indigenous population through reductions and implanted a fee to the European style, with the obligation of tax money, ensuring the workforce, since the land even after the conquest happened to the king, the Inca world was communal, in order concede one of this as a prize to the services and even a part of the land restored after the cuts were frequent encroachments by individuals who legalized through the compositions to the administration by paying a stipulated amount.
Seven Myths of the Spanish conquest chapters describe the important events. Chapter 1 deals with what Restall calls "the Myth of Exceptional Men", i.e. the belief that the Spanish conquest was made possible by outstanding individuals such as Columbus, Cortes and Pizarro, with its value and innovative strategies. Restall shows that, on the contrary, the conquest and colonization techniques used by early Spanish explorers had been developed for at least a century of colonial expansion by Spain and Portugal, and were in fact just a standard procedure.
Then, the Chapter 2 deals with what Restall calls "the myth of King's Army" or the belief that the Spanish conquest was carried out under the orders of the King of Spain and the conquistadors were Spanish soldiers. As well, Restall claims that in fact the Spanish conquerors were not, since there was no Spanish nationality at the time (indeed, the kingdoms of Castilla, Navarra and Aragon were constituent parts of the Habsburg Empire), and neither could be regarded as soldiers in the military sense of the word, but rather as a group of feudal lords with their servants, pages and mercenaries, according to Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest.
As a fact, Chapter 3 is entitled "Myth of the White Conquistador," the belief that the Spanish conquest was undertaken by a small number of Spanish whites. Restall explains much of the Spanish military operations were carried out by their Indian allies, who outnumbered them at a rate of several hundred to one. It also shows that there were some conquerors of African or Moor.
Chapter 4 concerns the "Myth of Completion", i.e. the belief that most of America was under Spanish control in just a few years after initial exposure. Restall said that, by contrast, indigenous groups were never conquered subsisted for several centuries (some even to this day). Tayasal, for example, the last independent Maya city, was not conquered until 1697. Also in other areas of Latin America Spanish control was never absolute, and there were continuous rebellions.
Chapter 5 deals with what Restall calls "the Myth of the (In) Communication", or the belief that the Spanish and the natives had perfect communication with each other and that each group understood the words and intentions of the other without problem or, on the contrary, many crucial events of the conquest were the result of misunderstandings between both parties. Restall explains how communication between the two groups was very hard, and dialogues between the parties listed in secondary sources can not be interpreted as accurately recorded. It also shows that no one can say that the natives misunderstood the intentions of the Spanish, on the contrary quite understand how the Spanish working even in the initial phase of conquest.
Chapter 6 addresses the "Myth of Native Desolation", the belief that American Indians are resigned to their fate, were included in the new European order and ceased to exist as ethnic groups. Restall also claims that many indigenous peoples were never "conquered" but formed a sort of alliance with the Spanish for mutual benefit, as is the case with most indigenous allied forces that helped Cortes to defeat the Aztecs, according to Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest.
Finally, Chapter 7 refers to that Restall calls "the myth of superiority," or the belief that the success of the Spanish conquest was due either to the alleged technological superiority of the Spanish or to a kind of cultural superiority inherent to them, and therefore the Spanish victory was inevitable. According to Restall, the technological advantages such as guns, cannons, armor, steel and even the use of horses and dogs did not have a decisive role in the fighting, since the Spanish possessed them in small quantities, and also the Aztecs not discouraged to them for long. Also refutes the notion that the lack of an alphabetic script hurt the Indians, and the belief that Indians were innocent, naive or cowardly in comparison with the Spanish, as described by Spanish sources. Restall argues that the factors behind the success of the Europeans had largely the devastating impact of European diseases against which Indians had no resistance, disunity among indigenous groups (some even allied with the Spanish), the technological advantage that meant the steel blade and, above all, the fact that the Indians were fighting in their own territory with the responsibility to protect their families and cultures, and why they had to fight more quickly.
All in all, both resources describe the events that happened long time ago and there are some different points of view described. Concluding the comparison of the book "7 myths of the Spanish Conquest" and the sources considering "The Great Inca Rebellion" I would like to say, that the countries that contributed to the development of slavery are South and North America, Australia, Africa, and there are distributed the languages of the countries that had the most aggressive colonial policy and the most vile was slavery, as it assumed and equaled a person to the instrument of his owner, and in some cases ignored the dignity of a person.
