Informed consent was taken from the diagnosed diabetic patients of FS or attendants. Patients in the first group who were taking only mobilization techniques has been interviewed by direct method and were reassessed after every two weeks up to six weeks. The increase in ROM and decrease in pain was recorded after every two weeks.
In second group, patients were those who were taking heating modality prior to mobilization techniques. These patients were also reassessed after every two weeks up to six weeks. The increase in ROM was recorded after every two weeks.
Heating was provided by shortwave diathermy. Shortwave diathermy has been applied by condenser field method across the effected shoulder for 10 to 15 min depending upon the condition of patient for heating the soft tissues around the shoulder joint before joint mobilization.
The treatment has been given for 30 to 40 minutes in one treatment session on daily basis. The results were compared after 6 weeks.
Data Collection Procedure
A detailed account of how the researcher was performed research; how he has measure the variable.
It includes: Identification of the study variables.
Data Collection Tools (Questionnaire/Performa)
A well designed and detailed Questionnaire/Performa was used to collect the relevant information from the subjects
6.11. Data Analysis Technique
The data was analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Descriptive Statistics, including mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) and frequencies (count and percentage) will be calculated for quantitative data. For qualitative data percentages and pie-charts will be used. The statistical differences between the means of variables in two groups will be compared with the Mannâ€"Whitney U-test or the independent samples t-test when appropriate. The statistical significance will be set at 5% level.
6.12 Follow Up
The patients were treated for 6 weeks and were followed for 6 months to check the recurrence of symptoms.
6.13 Questionnaire
Serial No______________ Dated: ____________
Name: ______________________ Contact No: ______________________
Age: ________________________
Gender Male Female
Marital Status Single Married
Residence Rural Urban
Education Illiterate Primary
Secondary Graduation
Above Graduation
Socio-economic Status
Upper Class
Middle Class
Lower Class
Duration of Onset
8weeks 10weeks
12weeks
Mode of Pain Night pain Pain during Rest
Pain on Motion
Severity of Pain Mild Moderate
Severe
Diabetic Yes No
Heating modalities applied Yes No
Active Range of Motion (ROM) without heating Modalities:
Sr #
Movements
Range before RX
Range After RX 1 week
Range After RX 2 weeks
Range After
RX 4 weeks
1
Abduction
2
Flexion
3
Extension
4
Medial Rotation
5
Lateral Rotation
Active Range of Motion (ROM) with heating Modalities:
Sr #
Movements
Range before RX
Range After RX 1 week
Range After RX 2 weeks
Range After
RX 4 weeks
1
Abduction
2
Flexion
3
Extension
4
Medial Rotation
5
Lateral Rotation
Passive ROM
Sr #
Movements
Range
1
Abduction
2
Flexion
3
Extension
4
Medial Rotation
5
Lateral Rotation
Soft tissue pathology :
Supraspinatus tendinitus Infraspinatus tendinitus Bicipital tendinitus Others
Is scapulothoracic mobility normal Yes No
Mobilization Techniques Applied
Kaltenborn
G-I
G-II
G-III
G-IV
G-V
Maitlands
G-I
G-II
G-III
Strengthening exercises applied to the patient
Yes No
Duration of Treatment
2 Weeks 4 Weeks 6 Weeks
7. Results
Descriptive Statistics of age with respect to study group
Heating modality applied
Yes
No
N
23
23
Mean
49.61
52.22
Std. Deviation
5.990
8.388
Std. Error Mean
1.249
1.749
P-value =0.231
The table shows that the mean age of diabetic patients suffering from frozen shoulder in both the groups treated with heating and without heating is almost same .In group A the mean age was 49.61 ± 5.990, In group B, mean age was 52.22 ± 8.388
The average age in both groups was statistically the same that P-Value=0.231
Gender of the patients * Heating modality applied
Heating modality applied
Total
Yes
No
Gender of the patients
Male
13
12
25
Female
10
11
21
Total
23
23
46
P-value = 0.767
This table shows that the chances of having frozen shoulder in diabetic patients
Is almost equal in both the gender male and female
Residence * Heating modality applied
Heating modality applied
Total
Yes
No
Residence
Rural
1
2
3
Urban
22
21
43
Total
23
23
46
This graph shows that the majority of patient belongs to urban areas; the reason is that the study was conducted in the urban area
Education * Heating modality applied
This graph shows that the occurrence of frozen shoulder in diabetic patients is less in illiterates and Graduates and more in middle educated groups.
Socio Economic Status * Heating modality applied
Heating modality applied
Total
Yes
No
Socio Economic Status
Middle class
4
4
8
lower class
19
19
38
Total
23
23
46
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (1-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
.000(b)
1
1.000
Continuity Correction(a)
.000
1
1.000
Likelihood Ratio
.000
1
1.000
Fisher's Exact Test
1.000
.650
Linear-by-Linear Association
.000
1
1.000
N of Valid Cases
46
a Computed only for a 2x2 table
b 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.00.
Frozen shoulder in diabetic patients is much more in the lower class as compared to middle and upper class
Side involvement * Heating modality applied
Heating modality applied
Total
Yes
No
side involvement
Right
8
7
15
Left
15
16
31
Total
23
23
46
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (1-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
.099(b)
1
.753
Continuity Correction(a)
.000
1
1.000
Likelihood Ratio
.099
1
.753
Fisher's Exact Test
1.000
.500
Linear-by-Linear Association
.097
1
.756
N of Valid Cases
46
a Computed only for a 2x2 table
b 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.50.
This table shows that the left sided frozen shoulder in diabetic patients is much more common than on right side
Duration of onset * Heating modality applied
Mode of pain * Heating modality applied
Severity of pain * Heating modality applied
Heating modality applied
Total
Yes
No
severity of pain
mild
6
6
12
moderate
14
11
25
sever
3
6
9
Total
23
23
46
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
1.360(a)
2
.507
Likelihood Ratio
1.380
2
.502
Linear-by-Linear Association
.423
1
.515
N of Valid Cases
46
a 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.50.
In both Group A and Group B, the severity of pain was moderate in maximum number of patients but in few patients the severity of pain was severe comparatively higher in Group B than Group A.
