Example: to make sure that real-time audio and video delivered without any mistakes such as noise. QoS in the home network that use IPv6 is differ from home network that use IPv4.
IPv6 packets are forwarded by paths that are different from those for IPv4. QoS features supported for IPv6 environments include packet classification, traffic shaping, weighted random early detection, class-based packet marking, and policing of IPv6 packets. These features are available at both the process switching and Cisco Express Forwarding switching paths of IPv6. All of the QoS features available for IPv6 environments are managed from the modular QoS command-line interface. The modular QoS command line interface allows you to define traffic classes, create and configure traffic policies (policy maps), and then attach those traffic policies to interfaces. To implement QoS in networks running IPv6, follow the same steps that you would follow to implement QoS in networks running only IPv4. At a very high level, the basic steps for implementing QoS are as follows: know which applications in your network need QoS. Understand the characteristics of the applications so that you can make decisions about which QoS features would be appropriate. Know your network topology so that you know how link layer header sizes are affected by changes and forwarding. Create classes based on the criteria you establish for your network. In particular, if the same network is also carrying IPv4 traffic along with IPv6, decide if you want to treat both of them the same way or treat them separately and specify match criteria accordingly. If you want to treat them the same, use match statements such as match precedence. If you want to treat them separately, add match criteria such as match protocol ip and match protocol ipv6 in a match-all class map. Create a policy to mark each class. Work from the edge toward the core in applying QoS features. Build the policy to treat the traffic and apply the policy.
Multicast in IPv6.
Multicast address is an identifier for a group of hosts that have joined a multicast group. Multicast addressing can be used in the Data Link Layer, such as Ethernet multicast, as well as at the Network Layer as IPv4 or IPv6 multicast( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address).
Multicast deployments need three elements: the application, the network infrastructure, and client devices. Cisco IOS Multicast technologies reside in the network infrastructure within routers and switches. IP Multicast utilizes a single data stream, which is replicated by routers at branch points throughout the network. This mechanism uses bandwidth much more efficiently and greatly decreases load on content servers, reaching more users at a lower cost per user. Multicast enables efficiently deploy and scale distributed group applications across the network. Create a ubiquitous, enterprise-wide content distribution model. Solve traffic congestion problems. Allow service providers to deploy value-added services that leverage their existing infrastructure. IPv6 brings specific multicast benefits such as scope management IPv6 Multicast Address Format.
Multihoming
Five generic forms of architectural approaches towards smooth transition to IPv6 multi-homing have been identified:
The IPv4 multi-homing specific routing approach may be extended to IPv6 as well, with transit ISPs specifying the local site's address prefix as a distinct routing entry. Provider Independent (PI) Address Space is offered in IPv6. However some people feel that the resultant increased routing table size is likely to be too high for current router hardware to handle efficiently. One possibility is that new hardware with higher memory can be produced at less cost and will be able to handle this.
An IPv6-specific mobility approach to be devised New Protocol Element: A new element to be inserted in the protocol stack that manages a determined identity for the session. Modifying a Protocol Element: The transport or IP protocol stack element in the host may be suitably modified, to cope with dynamic changes to the forwarding locator. Modified Site-Exit Router: The site-exit router and local forwarding system can be suitably modified to allow various behaviors including source-based forwarding, site-exit hand-offs, and address rewriting by site-exit routers.
Transition to IPv6 and Interoperability with IPv6
Internet Protocol is the "language" and set of rules computers use to talk to each other over the Internet. The existing protocol supporting the Internet today - Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) - provides the world with only 4 billion IP addresses, inherently limiting the number of devices that can be given a unique, globally routable address on the Internet. The emergence of IPv6, providing the world with an exponentially larger number of available IP addresses, is essential to the continued growth of the Internet and development of new applications leveraging mobile Internet connectivity. Although the information technology (IT) community has come up with workarounds for this shortage in the IPv4 environment, IPv6 is the true long-term solution to this problem. World should prepare for the future of networking and Internet technology by enabling their networks to support IPv6 addresses and data packets. There are many considerations when introducing any emerging technology into an organization's infrastructure. Therefore, this type of transition should be done methodically and mindfully, with full awareness of the benefits, challenges, and caveats surrounding the technical implementation of IPv6. Networks are ready to transmit both IPv4 and Ipv6 traffic and support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Networks must be able to demonstrate they can perform some functions without compromising Ipv4 capabilities or network security. Transmit IPv6 traffic from the Internet and external peers through the network backbone to the LAN. Transmit IPv6 traffic from the LAN through the network backbone out to the Internet and external peers. Transmit IPv6 traffic from the LAN through the network backbone to another LAN. IPv4 still dominates majority of the Internet traffic but IPv6 is making slow but steady inroads. Ever since the support extended by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to the IPv6 protocol by modifying the DNS root servers on July 20th, 2004, the IPv6 adoption has seen an exponential growth. The IPv6 development was stimulated due to exhaustion of addressing space offered by Pv4 to accommodate all the nodes on the Internet. A complete replacement of IPv4 by IPv6 will take quite some time. Till then, a number of transition mechanisms allow IPv6-only compatible hosts to access services offered by IPv4 protocol. This forms the backbone of the interoperability ingrained in the IPv6 protocol.
These transition mechanisms allow IPv6-only compatible machines to utilize the various services offered by the IPv4 compatible resources over the Internet. Hence, the transition mechanisms were detrimental in a widespread adoption of the IPv6 protocol. Recognizing the importance of IPv6 interoperability with the existing IT infrastructure, a number of prominent research groups around the world are conducting studies to test the interoperability parameters of the new protocol both at the hardware and the software levels. At the hardware level, it pertains to testing the performance of different system configuration in an IPv6 framework while the software level testing involves an assessment of the coordination of various applications at different levels of protocol transition process. The interoperability tests include firewalls, voice, wireless and application layer interface testing. The tests include interoperability in pure IPv6 configurations as well as a mix of IPv6 and IPv4 over IEEE 802.11, VoIP, IPsec, wireless LANs, DNS, DHCP and the different application platforms.
Home gateway for IPv6
Home network mainly consists of the home gateway, PC, information appliance and intelligence control terminal components. With the exception of home gateway and PC, other equipment can be designed as controlled by the network terminal controller The general structure will meet the needs of home network interoperability and the easy operation, bearing the most basic IPv6 technical characteristics. The frame structure consists of outer network, gateway and various inner parts. All equipment can be controlled locally and centrally through the hand remote control device at home. It also can be controlled by the long-distance PC, which entered the home gateway machine through the Internet. The equipment is centrally controlled including local central control and long distance central control by operator interface. Since all equipment has their own IP addresses based on the IPv6, they can be directly connected to external network without gateway. The dashed line means that it can be connected via gateway or without it directly, and the Internet should IPv6 or IPv4.
Conclusion
Intelligent home appliances are becoming the trend of the time while IPv4 to IPv6 transition is accelerating. Organization spent a lot of money to make work environment more comfortable and use gadgets. For example employee of such organization can easily get access to refrigerator by using his own smart phone that is connected to the network of the organization. He can see what is inside the fridge, set the temperature. We can notice that new generation of backbone network based on the IPv6 has been built. The new routing equipment can support IPv6. Home network with implementation of all devices by IPv6 will become reality. Networks controllers and home gateway is able to support IPv6. Next step in developing home networking is the remote control and local control based on web browsers.
