This chapter will discuss about the background of study and problem statement. The research question will be developed to clarify the main idea of this research. This is important to ensure that this research is not out of track. Meanwhile research objective are created to ensure the study is directed to right direction. Lastly, scope of study is created to create a perspective for looking at the problem. It point out how the study relates to the larger issues and uses a persuasive rationale to justify the reason for your study. Last but no least basic concepts will be explained to make readers clear about the concepts or terms.
1.1 Background of study
1.1.1 History of Unit Trust
The first unit trust was launched in the UK in 1931 by M&G under the inspiration of Ian Fairbairn. The rationale behind the launch was to emulate the comparative robustness of US mutual funds through the 1929 Wall Street crash. The first trust called the 'First British Fixed Trust' held the shares of 24 leading companies in a fixed portfolio that was not changed for the fixed lifespan of 20 years. The trust was launched as the M&G General Trust and later renamed as the Blue Chip Fund By 1939 there were around 100 trusts in the UK, managing funds in the region of £80 million.
A unit trust is a form of collective investment constituted under a trust deed. Found in Australia, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, Malaysia and the UK, unit trusts offer access to a wide range of securities. Unit trusts are open-ended investments; therefore the underlying value of the assets is always directly represented by the total number of units issued multiplied by the unit price less the transaction or management fee charged and any other associated costs. Each fund has a specified investment objective to determine the management aims and limitations.
1.1.2 Overview of Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB)
AMANAH SAHAM NASIONAL BERHAD (ASNB) is the Management Company of ASN, ASN 2, ASN 3, ASG-Education, ASG-Health, ASG-Retirement, ASB, ASW 2020, ASM and ASD, a wholly-owned subsidiary company of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB). ASNB was established on May 22, 1979, to manage the unit trust funds launched by PNB. Having been in the industry for more than 25 years, ASNB has confirms to maintain its position as a leading unit trust manager, controlling more than 40% of the total units in circulation. We are a premier investment organisation committed to enhance the economic wealth of the Bumiputera community in particular and contribute towards the growth and prosperity of the nation for the benefit of Malaysians.
1.2 Problem Statement
Problem statement is defined as clear, precise and succinct statement or the questions that is to be investigated to find answer or solutions. It involves the process of narrowing the broad problem into a more focus and defined state. A problem exists in any situation where a gap exists between the actual and the desired ideal states (Uma Sekaran, 2003).
According to news from Sinar Harian 20 September 2012 most generation Y do not know the product from Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB) because they do not have any disclosure about unit trust and the benefits they get from invest in unit trust. The other problem is most generation Y reluctant to take the initiative to ask more about unit trust to family and friend. In some cases, most generations Y comfortable to put all the money on fixed deposit or just let the money sitting in the saving account. ASNB also do the "Seminar Pelaburan 360 Hari" to explain about the investment in unit trust in school, university and firms to attract generation Y to invest in unit trust but the investment is still low. In the research that was conducted by B. Andrew Cudmore (2009), they stated that Generation Y and X are the least loyal and hardest to please according to a recent poll. The result revealed that 61 percent of Generation Y and 53 percent Generation X respondents have considered changing or actually have changed their primary banking institution in the last two years, compared with 20 percent of the Silent Generation (Those born between 1925 and 1942) and 37 percent of the baby boomers (Larsen, 2008).
Based on the statement, this is interesting for researchers to investigate the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB). Thus, this study will focus to the three factors as independent variables are social influences, knowledge and family background that will determine either those factors really affects the Generation Y to making investment in ASNB. Besides that, it will also determine which factor that is the most important variable for Gen Y to invest in ASNB.
1.3 Research Question
1.3.1 What is the level of awareness among Generation Y for ASNB product?
1.3.2 Is there any relationship between social influence and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB?
1.3.3 Is there any significant relationship between knowledge and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB?
1.3.4 Is there any significant relationship between family background and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB?
1.3.5 What is the most effective factor contributed the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB?
1.4 Research Objective
1.4.1 To determine the level of awareness among Generation Y towards ASNB product.
1.4.2 To identify the relationship between social influence and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB.
1.4.3 To identify relationship between knowledge and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB.
1.4.4 To identify relationship between family background and the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB.
1.4.5 To examine the most effective factor contributed the level of awareness among Generation Y towards investing in ASNB.
1.5 Significance of the study
1.5.1 Researcher
Researcher is the person done a systematic investigation process to increase or revised the current knowledge by discovering the new fact. This study is done in the hope to help the other researcher in obtain the additional information about the topic that related to them. This study will give additional knowledge and information to the researcher. Besides that, the researcher will be able to boost confidence and improve the researcher's skills where it involves proper planning, reviewing, analysing and making decisions using relevant and reliable source of information.
1.5.2 Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB)
This study will give information to ASNB in order to attract more people to invest in unit trust. Furthermore, the results and findings of this survey could provide some information for unit trust Company to make strategic decisions in promoting their product to the public.
1.5.3 Respondent
This study will help the respondents to gain their knowledge about the product of Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad and what are the benefits they can get when they invest in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad product. Besides that, it also helps to change their perception on unit trust and encourage people to invest in unit trust.
1.5.4 Student
This research can be a future references for Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) students especially the students from Faculty of Business Administration. This study will help students to develop the ability to conduct the research and apply the knowledge acquired.
1.6 Scope of study
The scope of study is focused on Generation Y in Uitm Bandaraya Melaka. This study has been conducted among the Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad customers in Uitm Bandaraya Melaka.
1.7 Limitations
1.7.1 Lack of information
There are some difficulties to get the sources for the literature review and reference due to lack of writing and information for this research. For this research, it involves the seeking of the information is gathered through the surfing the internet but nit to much information is gathered.
1.7.2 Poor Feedback from respondent
There is poor feedback from the respondents especially in answering the questionnaire. Some respondents do not understand the questionnaire and need explanations to understand the questions. They also do not answer the questions properly.
1.7.3 Time Constraint
Limited time is a problem for the researcher to complete the project paper. This research is conducted in five months and during these five months, the researcher needs to find his clients to distribute the questionnaires. Besides that, the researcher does not have enough time to do the research as the researcher needs to juggle between practical training and project paper.
1.7.4 Lack of experience
Due to lack of experience, assumption that has been made during the period given in completing the research was not enough in order to come out with satisfied results. In addition, lack of experience, skill and knowledge on doing or conducting a research especially a secondary data research creates many problems subsequent with time constraint.
1.7.5 Financial Constraint
As a student, we have limited sources of budget as to complete this research. I need to allocate my spending on the internet fee, printing the needed material and transportation cost. This research also needs amount of money in order to get accurate, efficient and satisfied result.
1.7.6 Journal availability
Some of the published journal is not published in complete report. Some journal are required us to sign up or register and some are required money to purchase the journal published.
1.7.7 Lack of Cooperation
To gather the data, the researcher needs the cooperation of the consultants to distribute the questionnaire to their clients. But unfortunately, consultants are busy with their own work and they don't have time to distribute and collect the questionnaire. Therefore, more data could not be gathered.
1.8 Definition of term
1.8.1 Unit Trust
According the ASNB website a unit trust is a collective investment scheme which pools the savings of the public into a special unit trust fund managed actively by professional fund managers. A unit trust fund is constituted pursuant to a deed executed by the trustee and the manager on behalf of unit holders. The Deed is registered with the Securities Commission and sets out the rights of you as a unit holder and the responsibilities and liabilities of the trustee and the manager. The unit trust fund will invest in equities, fixed income securities and other assets authorised under the Guidelines.
1.8.2 Generation Y
In this research paper Generation Y is the sample for the research. The Millennial generation, those born between 1977-1994 and are in the 18-35 age range as of 2012 - have an innate ability to use technology, are comfortable multitasking, and want to learn, but only what they have to learn (Bauerlein, 2008). The name is based on Generation X, the generation that preceded them. Members of Generation Y are often referred to as "echo boomers" because they are the children of parents born during the baby boom (the "baby boomers"). Because children born during this time period have had constant access to technology (computers, cell phones) in their youth, they have required many employers to update their hiring strategy in order to incorporate updated forms of technology. Gen-Y consumers' sheer numbers and spending power transform the market for every life stage they enter (Morton, 2002). Gen-Y numbers 76 million strong (Kennedy, 2001) and will comprise 41% of the population by 2009 (Welles, 1999).Generation Y has tremendous spending power already, at $600 billion a year, in addition to the influence the younger members of this group still exert over parental expenditures (Kennedy, 2001). According to Janoff (1999) points out that college-aged individual are often experiencing the freedom of being on their own for the first time, and thus have specific wants and needs as consumers. Role as trendsetters, the lifelong brand loyalties acquired during these formative years, their position as early- adopters, their influence over parental purchases, and the probability of a higher standard of living associated with a college degree.
1.8.3 Trustee
Trustee is a legal term that refers to a holder of property on behalf of a beneficiary.
1.8.4 Deed
The legal document executed between the trustee of a UTS and the UTMC, which lays down the framework within which all the parties, including the unit holders, must operate. It specifies in detail how the UTS is to operate and be managed and how fees are to be charged. The investors agree to be a party to the deed by completing and signing an application form for units in the UTS.
1.8.5 Investment
It can be refers as the act of placing capital into a project or business with the intent of making a profit on the initial placing of capital. An investment may involve the extension of a loan or line of credit, which entitles one to repayment with interest or it, may involve buying an ownership stake in a business, with the hope that the business will become profitable. Investing may also involve buying a particular asset with the intent to resell it later for a higher price.
1.8.6 Time Horizon
Time horizon or planning horizon, is a period where how long investors want to invest in his/her investment. It is necessary in investment to reduce the risk when investing.
1.8.7 Ringgit Cost Averaging
A formulated plan for timing investment transaction, in which a fixed Ringgit amount is invested in a security at fixed time intervals.
1.8.8 Prospectus
A prospectus is a legal document that institutions and businesses use to describe the securities they are offering for participants and buyers.
1.8.9 Seminar Pelaburan 360 Hari
The Seminar Pelaburan 360 Hari is an annual event organized by ASNB. It is held once a year at different state in Malaysia. For example in 2011 it is held in Melaka.
1.9 Conclusion
This chapter has discussed about the background of study and problem statement. The research question will be developed to clarify the main idea of this research. This is important to ensure that this research is not out of track. Meanwhile research objective are created to ensure the study is directed to right direction. Lastly, scope of study is created to create a perspective for looking at the problem. It point out how the study relates to the larger issues and uses a persuasive rationale to justify the reason for your study. Last but no least basic concepts will be explained to make readers clear about the concepts or terms.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature Review
This chapter will discuss a review of the literature. It is important because it shows that previous researchers have discovered. It is usually quite long and primarily depends upon how much research has previously been done in the area you are planning to investigate. In literature review should also contain a definition of terms section when appropriate. The problem investigated is perceived by the scientific community as relevant and significant.
Introduction of Unit Trust
According the website from Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB), Unit Trust can be defined is a collective investment scheme which pools the savings of the public into a special unit trust fund managed actively by professional fund managers. A unit trust fund is a professionally managed, collective investment scheme that pools client money and invests it with a specific objective, as stated in its documentation. Unit trust funds can be invested in a variety of assets or investment classes, which may not be available to an individual investor. These classes may include government bonds and corporate bonds. Such investments require a large amount of funds which are often beyond the capability and affordability of individual investors. Collectively, however, those investments can become accessible. The type of investment portfolios in unit trust funds depends on the nature of the fund, as well as its objectives and investment strategy. For example, a bond fund provides an individual investor with access to the bond market and a potentially steady stream of income (Prudential, 2007).
Investment in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB)
In Malaysia, the unit trust industry had its modest beginnings in 1959, when the first unit trust management company, the Malayan Unit Trusts Limited, was launched in August 1959, by a group of Australian investors. During the 1960s and 1970s, the unit trust industry was dominated by two major players, ASM MARA Unit Trust Management and Asia Unit Trusts Berhad companies owned by the Majlis Amanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA). The 1970s also witnessed the launching of state-government sponsored unit trusts, which may have been launched in reaction to the Federal Government's call to mobilize domestic household savings. The 1980s marked an important development in the unit trust industry, when Skim Amanah Saham Nasional (National Unit Trust Scheme), managed by Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) was launched on 20th April 1981.
The launching of Skim Amanah Saham Nasional provided the impetus for new growth in the industry and enabled the government to fulfil its objective of mobilizing the savings of the indigenous people over the long-term. The 1980s also witnessed the emergence of unit trust management companies, which are subsidiaries of financial institutions. The establishment of the bank-affiliated unit trust management companies indicated a significant development in the industry, as their involvement had, in many ways, assisted the marketing and distribution of unit trusts through banks' branch networks, thus widening the channels used in reaching potential investors. During the 1990s, most of the unit trusts launched were equity funds. The rapid growth of the unit trust industry could be observed from the number of unit trust management companies, which tripled from 13 in 1992 to 37 in 2002 (Md Taib and Isa,2007).
Investing in unit trust bring a lots of benefits to the investors. According FMUTM (2008), unit trust funds provide investors with a simple, convenient and less time.-consuming method of investing in securities as compared to investing directly in the Eligible Market. In addition, units trust enables investors to combine or "pool" their assets into a larger fund Sunthara Segar (2005). In other words, unit trust is a scheme where pools money from many investors who share the same investment objective. According the other journal, Shamsher and Annuar (1995), focus their study on the performance of 54 unit trusts covering the period of late 80s to early 90s. They find that the returns on investment in unit trust are well below the risk free and market returns. Furthermore, the results indicate that not only the degree of portfolios diversification is below expectation but the actual returns and risk characteristics of funds are also inconsistent with their stated objectives. Tan (1995) analyzed performance of 12 unit trusts over a 10-year period, 1984-1993. He concludes that unit trusts in general perform worse than the market portfolio.
Social Influence
Social influence is defined as a change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviour that results from interaction with another individual or a group. Social influence is distinct from conformity, power, and authority (Lisa Rashotte, 2009). Social influence is one of independent variable in this research paper. From the (Oberlechner and Hocking, 2004; Scharfstein and Stein, 1990; Shiller, 1989) they said that consumers make purchase decisions after rational and unbiased processing of all the available market information and (Loibl and Hira, 2009, p. 24) also focus the information is essential ''in making investment decisions, a high-consequence decision task''. In this statement, the information from other people is important before they invest in any scheme in unit trust. Social ties provide access to resources and also provide a good source of information benefits. Coleman (1988) noted that information is important in providing a basic for action but it is sometimes costly be gather. However, social relations can established for other purposes and this can reduce the amount of time and investment required to gather information and knowledge. Granovetter (1992) said that personal relationship individual have developed with each other through a history of interactions. Putnam (1993), norms of cooperation cab establish a strong foundation for the creation of knowledge and this is because norms influence social processes by opening up access to individual for exchange of knowledge and can ensure the motivation to engage in such an exchange.
According to Kramer et al. (1996), he say that identification with a group enhances concern for collective process and outcomes and it can increase the opportunity for knowledge sharing and can influences both the anticipation of value to be achieved through interaction and the motivation to create knowledge. The support for this can be found in the research carried out by Lewicki and Bunker (1996), whose evidence suggested that salient group identification may not only increase the perceived opportunities for interaction but also may enhance the actual frequency of cooperation and where groups have distinct and contradictory identities, significant barriers to information sharing, learning and knowledge creation were found (Child and Rodrigues, 1996; Simon and Davies, 1996). A common conclusion in many studies is about and why individual invests. Thus, this is important for researcher to investigate this social influence has a relationship with the level of awareness among generation Y towards investing in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad.
Knowledge
Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject (Wikipedia). According to Agnew and Szykman (2005) also provide evidence that individuals with below average financial knowledge become "overwhelmed" by making investment decisions. Chen and Volpe (1998) found the relationship of personal finance and investment knowledge to personal finance opinion and decision. The researchers found that participants' level of personal finance knowledge reliably influenced their investing opinion and decisions. Van Rooij, Lusardi, and Alessie (2007) do the financial knowledge questionnaire and they found overall respondent correctly answered 79% of basic investment numeracy items but only 54% of the investment knowledge questions. Researchers have found support for a positive association between knowledge and strategic risk taking (Baird & Thomas, 1985; Funk, Rapoport & Jones, 1979). In addition, scholars have suggested that problem understanding or knowledge may provide an individual with solution routines or heuristics to use in choosing among risky alternatives (March, 1996; Shapira, 1995; Sitkin & Pablo, 1992). In conclusion, it may conclude that knowledge is one of factor the generation Y use before they invest in unit trust. Thus, this is important for researcher to investigate this knowledge has a relationship with the level of awareness among generation Y towards investing in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad.
Family Background
Family is one of factor for individual do the investment in unit trust because from the family they get the information about unit trust and this helps them to know any benefits they get after they invest in unit trust. Education about investment from family can affect the person to do the investment and maybe their get the information about unit trust from their parents during they are still child. According to (Beutler & Dickson, 2008; Danes, 1994; Pinto, Parent, & Mansfield, 2005) they found the family is credited with being a major source of children's socialization; children through observing their parents, participating in financial practices, and receiving direct information. Clarke et al. (2005) have found that college students reported that their fathers were responsible for financial management, but that it was their mothers' financial education efforts that were associated with their own feelings of being financially competent. Social learning theory (Bandura, 1986) suggests that how parents communicate financial concepts to their children is as important as what young people are taught. In his 1985 study, Moschis found that parents influence their children overtly and cognitively through direct teaching, reinforcement and purposive modeling. On the other research, they found Malaysia consumer market has changed tremendously, the role of parents for monitoring their children's consumption habits has become more critical and parents' characteristics may also be related to the development of their children's financial knowledge and behaviour (Clarke, Heaton, Israelsen, & Egget, 2009).
According to Danes (1994) investigated parental perceptions of children's financial socialization. Parents were asked at what age they would share information or become involved with the child in several financial activities. For example financial activities (such as knowing about insurance and having their own checking account) most parents believed that children should be engaged at the aged of 15 to 17. Murphy (2005) they found that most undergraduate business majors were more financially literate than nonbusiness majors and that those who were from more educated families scored better than those from less educated backgrounds and Mandell (2008) also found that financial literacy was monotonically related to parents' education levels. Abu Bakar et al. (2006) they found that Chinese students and students from a rural area, those in their senior year tended to have higher mean scores about educational loan knowledge. In conclusion, family background is one of factor to contribute the children to know about the investment in unit trust and this can help them to get the knowledge from the parents. In conclusion, it may conclude that knowledge is one of factor the generation Y use before they invest in unit trust. Thus, this is important for researcher to investigate this family background has a relationship with the level of awareness among generation Y towards investing in Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad.
Theoretical Framework
Independent Variable (IV) Dependent Variable (DV)
SOCIAL INFLUENCES
THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AMONG GENERATION Y TOWARDS INVESTING IN ASNB
KNOWLEDGE
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Adapted: Joyce K.H. Nga, Lisa H.L. Yong, Rathakrishnan D. Sellappan, (2010),"A study of financial awareness among youths", Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, Vol. 11 Iss: 4 pp. 277 - 290.
Figure 1.1: Theoretical Framework
Conclusion
This chapter has discussed a review of the literature. It is important because it shows that previous researchers have discovered. It is usually quite long and primarily depends upon how much research has previously been done in the area you are planning to investigate. In literature review should also contain a definition of terms section when appropriate. The problem investigated is perceived by the scientific community as relevant and significant.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter will discuss about the research methodology. This chapter will cover the research design, sources of data, population and target population, sampling frame, sampling technique, sample size, data collection method, questionnaire and survey instruments and method of data analyses. In this research paper, the researcher has used the exploratory study. Exploratory research is used in cases when one needs to define the problem more precisely and identify relevant courses of action so as to gain additional insights before an approach can be developed. The results and the findings help the researcher to formulate a more specific research problem. This study will focus the level of awareness among generation Y towards investing in ASNB.
3.1 Research Design
Research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analysing the needed information. This research design is importance to include a plan for selecting sources and types of information used to answer the problem statement. For the purposed of this study, the researcher has used exploratory research to obtain information needed. It involves acquiring primary data, questionnaires, and sampling method and also deciding on how the variables will be measured.
3.2 Population and Sampling
3.2.1 Population
Defining target population is important so that the proper source from which the data are to be collected can be identified. Target population is the group that is aimed by the researcher for the purpose to support the research finding. The population chosen is the 4500 students at Uitm Bandaraya Melaka because most of the students are Generation Y.
3.2.2 Sampling Design
According to Malhotra (2002), a sampling unit is the basic unit containing the elements of the population to be sampled. There are four elements to be considered in sampling. Sampling consists of sampling size, sampling frame and sampling techniques (Sekaran, 2003). In this study, the sampling design is a probability sampling technique and the simple random sampling has been chosen to reach users of ASNB product. The sampling frame is taken from a list of all students at Uitm Bandaraya Melaka. From 4500 students Uitm Bandaraya Melaka only 100 respondents will be selected by researchers.
3.2.3 Sampling Size
Refers to Uma Sekaran (2003), sampling being choose as its represent a subset of the elements of the population selected for participation in the study. According to Roscoe (1975) and Uma Sekaran (2003), they stated that propose the following rules of thumbs for determining the sample size. According to Zikamund (2000), the sample size can be 30 unit and more whereas according to Uma Sekaran (2003) the sample size is larger than 30 units and less than 500 are appropriate for most research. So for this study, researcher identifies the most suitable sample size is 100 respondents.
3.3 Sources of Data
Data can be obtained from primary or secondary sources. In this study, the researcher used all sources and information gathered from both primary and secondary data in order to achieve and accomplish the objective of the study.
Primary Data
Primary data can be defined as the data that is being originated by the researchers on the variables of the interest for the purpose of specific study (Uma Sekaran, 2003). In other words, it involves the collection of data that does not already exist. So, primary data consists of first hand data that has been obtained by any one person and it is collected by an individual's own effort. This data is collected through personal interview, discussions, observations and questionnaires. By this method, a survey was conducted on the Generation Y ASNB customer in Malaysia to determine the level of awareness among generation Y towards unit trust investment. Feedback from them was being analysed to get the explanation for the problem.
Questionnaire
For the purpose of this study, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents to gather the data. There is only one set of questionnaires written in English. The researcher prepared a set of questionnaire consisting of questions related to the field of study. The final questionnaire consists of 35 questions. It has divided into six (6) main parts that the level of awareness among generation Y towards investing in ASNB, social influences, knowledge, family background and respondent profile.
The questionnaire is structured in two forms:
Dichotomous
A dichotomous question has only two response alternatives which are "Yes" or "No".
For Example:
Q: Gender
Male Female
Likert Scale
Likert scale is the measurement scale with five response categories ranging from "strongly disagree to strongly agree". This type of questions requires the respondent to indicate the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with each of series of statement related to the stimulus object.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Moderate
Agree
Strongly Agree
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 1.2: Likert Scale
Secondary Data
Secondary data refer to an existing data that are already been collected for another purpose and are written as reports theories, books, facts, magazines, journals, newspaper, internet and others. For this study, the researcher used the internet, journal, newspaper and also magazines to get the information.
Internet
The researcher used internet to seek the information. Through the internet, researcher can obtained written reports and e-journal published by the other people. Seeking information through the internet is faster and less expensive because researcher can obtained the information just by clicking the mouse.
Journals/Magazines/Newspapers
Seeking information from journal, magazines and newspapers regarding this study is limited because not much information can be gathered from them.
Data Analysis
Once the questionnaire completely returned by respondent, the data collected will be analysed and interpreted. In this study, the researcher used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 to interpret data collected. SPSS can give the precise and accurate information.
Conclusion
This chapter has discussed what methodology used for and explains the research method adopted in this study. It focuses on the target population, the sample size, the questionnaire and the plan analysis used to interpret the data obtained from the respondent. As a conclusion, all the collectable data must be properly analysed. This is because it will lead to relevant action needed to achieve research objective. If the data is being interpreted and used correctly, then it will prove that the information is useful.
CHAPTER 4
REFERENCES
