Border Gateway Protocol is an interdomain routing protocol that have been design to provide loop- free routing between different domains that offer independent routing policies, AS. BGP is mainly used to connect a local network to and external network to gain access to the Internet and to connect to different companies and organization that is using the internet. BGP uses path- vector routing algorithm to exchange network reachability information with other BGP speaking network devices. For connectivity at the transportation level it uses port 179 for its destination port to reach other speakers on the network or different AS. Understanding BGP routing is very critical to the solid growth and maintenance of the Internet routing infrastructure. While there are serious vulnerabilities, still ongoing, concern of the characteristic that haven't changed considerably nearly a decade now no security solution has been widely deployed, since then BGP has gotten much more busier and more healthier due to the contribution to BGP policies and different peers, which are not proportional to the size of a peer's AS that routing paths maintain high stable.
Abstract
Summary
75 words
Aims and Objectives
Personal Objectives
To Describe IGP and EGP and their Functionalities.
IGP is the Interior Gateway Protocol which route within an IBGP. There are three IGPs that are commonly used in today networking, each have their own protocol that are design with different goals and behave differently, they have only one common goal and is path optimization within a routing domain that will be finding the best path to a given destination.
EGP is the External Gateway Protocol primarily a type of routing protocol for exchanging information and routing policies for BGP between different ASs. It purpose still stand today as an interdomain reachability protocol use in the internet on a large scale to connect international network, government, agencies, university and other organisation. It name however have been change over the years to BGP with a more understanding and more meaning full name to it "Interdomain Routing Protocol (IDRP)"[1]
To illustrate the difference between Routed Protocol and Routing Protocol.
In BGP, using a routing protocol to advertise routes that are learned by some other means such as by another routing protocol, directly connected routes are static routes. Running different routing protocol is often part of a network design." Routing is the process of moving data from one network to another network. Within a network, all hosts are directly accessible and do not need to pass data through a default gateway. All hosts on the same network are directly connected and can communicate directly with each other."[3]BGP have associated itself with different type of Routing Protocol such as Redistribution Routing Protocol, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
"Routed Protocol is the layer 3 protocol which transport data across the network. A routed protocol contains the data elements required for a packet to be sent outside of its host network or network segment. In other words a routed protocol can be routed. Protocol used to communicate routing information between routers within an autonomous system are Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP), which are routing protocols which are routing protocols, but not routed protocol"[4]
To identify and configure Cisco IOS Commands
To configure Cisco IOS Command that is associate with BGP would be very complex and hard to Implement in one go. BGP command can be sorted in the following categories, each of which has a different a scope that each configuration parameters within a different area of applicability. The table below will show just a brief description of the command interface that has been used within BGP Protocol.
Table 1.1 Brief IOS Command"
bgp advertise-inactive
bgp graceful-restart path-selection-defer-time
bgp advertise best-external-to-internal
bgp graceful-restart restart-time
bgp always-compare-med
bgp graceful-restart stalepaths-time
bgp bestpath med confed
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath missing-as-worst
bgp maxas-limit
bgp client-to-client reflection
bgp redistribute-internal
bgp cluster-id
bgp router-id
bgp confederation identifier
bgp shutdown
bgp confederation peers
ip bgp-community new-format
bgp default local-preference
overload shutdown
bgp default route-target filter
rib-out disable
bgp enforce-first-as
router bgp
bgp fast-external-fallover
timers bgp
bgp graceful-restart
"[7]
To identify and Configure BGP Attributes
BGP Attributes are used to determine the best route to and from a destination with particular path to that destination. By configuring BGP attributes from the Well-Known attributes are the Optional Attributes.BGP attribute influence that route from setting any of the following attributes. Weight, Local preference, Multi_exit discriminator, Origin, AS_path Next hop and the community attribute.
To describe Black Hole in BGP.
Every router within an Autonomous System should be running IBGP to avoid a Black Hole. A Black Hole is referring to when "R4 learns of the route 172.16.10.0/24 from R6 in AS 30 and advertises this to R3. R3 will advertise this route to AS 20. Any packets in AS 20 destined for 172.16.10.0/24, will now be forwarded to R3. R3 knows that to get to 172.16.10.0/24 it needs to get these packets to R4, however it reaches R4 via R1 and R2 using the IGP so packets destined for 172.16.10.0/24 are sent to R1. R1 however, knows nothing of the network 172.16.10.0/24 and so drops the packet thereby creating a black hole.
If the IGP knows about the same routes that BGP does then this black hole would not occur. The process of making sure that both BGP and the IGP know the same routes is called Synchronization. This rule states that a route must first be known via IGP before this same route learned from an IBGP peer is advertised to any BGP peers or entered into the IGP routing table as a BGP route.
This 'BGP Synchronization' prevents Black Holes and creates consistency of routing information throughout the AS. It cannot however, influence how the other AS will route traffic and it assumes that you are redistributing routes between the IGP and BGP. "[6]
Figure 1.1 Black Hole
Academic Objectives
Design and Configure BGP with several AS
The diagram below is the designs that have been used to configure and implement BGP policies that are associate with BGP attributes.
Test BGP
The basic configuration tests are common on every router to make sure that they all support BGP configuration. "Two tasks are common to every BGP configuration: you most enable the BGP routing process, and you most configure BGP neighbor. All other configuration tasks are optional. To verify that it support BGP you used the following example: jermiane (config) # router bgp 200, this takes effect immediately, and to return to the global configuration mode you type jermaine (config) #no router bgp200" [7]
Knowledge of BGP Routing Protocol
"As with any routing protocol, BGP maintains routing tables, transmits routing updates, and bases routing decisions on routing metrics. The primary function of a BGP system is to exchange network-reachability information, including information about the list of autonomous system paths, with other BGP systems. This information can be used to construct a graph of autonomous system connectivity from which routing loops can be pruned and with which autonomous system-level policy decisions can be enforced. Each BGP router maintains a routing table that lists all feasible paths to a particular network. The router does not refresh the routing table, however. Instead, routing information received from peer routers is retained until incremental update is received.BGP devices exchange routing information upon initial data exchange and after incremental updates. When a router first connects to the network, BGP routers exchange their entire BGP routing tables. Similarly, when the routing table changes, routers send the portion of their routing table that has changed. BGP routers do not send regularly scheduled routing updates, and BGP routing updates advertise only the optimal path to a network. BGP uses a single routing metric to determine the best path to a given network. This metric consists of an arbitrary unit number that specifies the degree of preference of a particular link. The BGP metric typically is assigned to each link by the network administrator. The value assigned to a link can be based on any number of criteria, including the number of autonomous systems through which the path passes stability, speed, delay, or cost."[8]
Figure 1.2 Routing protocols comparison:
RIP
OSPF
BGP
Version:
v2
v2
v4
RFC:
2453
2328
1771
Date:
1998
1998
1994
IGP - EGP: (1)
IGP
IGP
EGP
Type:
Distance vector
Link state
Path vector
Algorithm:
Bellman-Ford
Dijkstra
Best Path Selection
Convergence: (2)
Medium
Fast
Slow
Administrative distance:
120
110
20
OSI level / port:
UDP / 520
IP / 89
TCP / 179
Configuration complexity:
Easy
Medium
Hard to very hard
Routing granularity:
Router
Router
Autonomous System (3)
Scalable for:
< 100 routers
< 100 routers
> 100 routers
Resource consumption:
Low
Low to Medium
High
[9]
Resource Requirements
Literature
In my research about BGP, the complexity of BGP configuration can be enormous and is beyond this simple design of the project that should be implemented. Bear in mind that it might seem to be a simple configuration and the layout have be proofing difficult in my configuration.
The topology that would be configuring, require six routers and for the basic configuration to take place the routers have to support BGP that would be the minimum requirement.
Hardware
Software.
The wasn't any additional software was require to implement BGP on any of the routers that I had used.
1.5 Project Plan
To keep within the scope of the project and its implementation, this is very difficult to carry out the configuration on the routers at the university. Suggestion was made to install GNS3 on my laptop to keep configuring away from the real router at the university.GNS3 is a virtual software that have been used as substitute for the real router, it act as a real routers it's have all the features takes up the same amount resource as the real routers, the configuration used in GNS3 is then transfer onto the router at the university.
CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE SURVEY Of BGP ROUTING PROTOCOL
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Autonomous Systems
"An autonomous system (AS) is a set of routers that use the same routing policy while running under a single technical administration. An AS runs interior gateway protocols (IGPs) such as RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS within its boundaries. ASs use exterior gateway protocols (EGPs) to exchange routing information with other ASs. BGP is an EGP. The outside world views an AS as a single entity, even though it can be a collection of IGPs working together to provide routing within its interior. Each AS has an identification number provided by an Internet registry or by an Internet service provider (ISP) that uniquely identifies it to the outside world."[7]
2.3 Types of BGP Attributes
(a) Weight Attribute
The weights attribute basically a Cisco proprietary technology and considered as first attribute in BGP. The default value of weight is 0 and the range is from 0 to 65535. If we change the weight value of one router that change will not propagate to other router and the route with maximum weight value will be considered as the best route.
(b) Local Preference Attribute
"The Local Preference (LOCAL_PREF) attribute is used to influence how traffic will flow from one Autonomous System (AS) to another when multiple paths exist. For example, if AS 100 has two different paths to a destination network in AS 200, the LOCAL_PREF attribute can be used to influence the path selection.
The major difference between the Weight and LOCAL_PREF attributes is that when the LOCAL_PREF attribute is changed, that change is reflected throughout the AS. The new LOCAL_PREF value will be advertised to all other routers in the AS, as compared to the Weight attribute, which is locally significant only. If you change the Weight for a path on one router in an AS, the other routers in the AS will not learn of the change. A route-map can be used to change a local preference value. For example, if you want to change the local preference value to 200 for the path advertisement 10.2.2.0/24 coming in from neighbor 10.1.1.1, there are three steps involved."
Figure 2.1
(c) Multi-Exit Discriminator Attribute
"There are two BGP configuration commands that can influence the multi−exit discriminator
(MED)−based path selection. The commands are the bgp deterministic−med command and the bgp always−compare−med command. An issue of the bgp deterministic−med command ensures the comparison of the MED variable at route choice when different peers advertise in the same AS. An issue of the bgp always−compare−med command ensures the comparison of the MED for paths from neighbors in different ASs. The bgp always−compare−med command is useful when multiple service providers or enterprises agree on a uniform policy for how to set MED. Refer to how the bgp deterministic−med command differs from the bgp always−compare−med Command to understand how these commands influence BGP path selection."[10]
(d) Origin Attribute
BGP uses the origin attribute to describe how a route was learned at the origin-the point where the route was injected into BGP. The origin of the route can be one of three values:
IGP-indicates that the route was learned by means of an IGP and, therefore, is internal to the originating AS. All routes advertised by the network command have an origin of IGP.
EGP-indicates that the route was learned by means of an EGP.
Incomplete- Indicates that the origin of the route is unknown-that is, learned from something other than IGP or EGP. All routes advertised by the redistribute command-such as static routes-have an origin of Incomplete. An origin of Incomplete occurs when a route is redistributed into BGP.
AS-path Attribute.
The BGP path attributes are a set of parameters that describe the characteristics of a prefix (route). The BGP decision process couple these attributes with the prefix they describe, compares all the paths available to reach a given destination, and then select the best routes to be used to reach that destination. Remember that attributes are part of each BGP UPDATE packets and describe the path information of the associated prefix. [11]
Next-Hop Attribute
This attributes defines the next-hop IP address to reach a prefix from the BGP point of view this does not necessarily mean that next hop is directly connected. If the BGP next hop is not the immediate next hop, a recursive route lookup in the IP RIB is needed. A prefix must have a reachable next hop before BGP considers it in the best path selection. In order words, the next hop must be under a prefix in the routing table, including the 0.0.0.0/0.
There are three points at which the next hop attributes for a BGP path is commonly set:
1. When the prefix is first injected into BGP, the next hop is set by the BGP speakers that injects the prefix. The next hop's value depends on how the prefix is injected. If the prefix is injected by the aggregate-address command, the prefix's BGP next hop is the BGP speaker doing the aggregation. If the is injected by the network command or redistribution, the IGP next hop before the injection becomes the BGP next hop.
2. When the prefix is advertised via eBGP the next hop is automatically set to the ip address of the eBGP peer that is sending the prefix. If three are more peers are sharing the same multi-access network; however the advertising speaker sets the original speakers on the same segment as the next hop rather than itself. This is called third party next hop.
3. The next hop is manually changed through the use of a route map or next-hop-self command. Note that the next hop is not changed by default for a BGP session within the same AS."[12]
Community Attribute
BGP communities attributes is widely used for implementing routing policy. Network administrator can manipulate BGP communities attributes based on their network policy
AS Regular Expression
2.4 BGP Path Attributes
(a) Well-Known and Optional Attributes
BGP path attributes are made of the about names above which are most important and the lease important but at sometime in the network configuration that you are designing the both the Well-Known and the Optional attributes are use to implemented.
.
2.5 BGP Path Selection process
The BGP path selection process is used if there are several routes available for a network. You can see it with the "show ip bgp" command. This command must not be confounded with the "show ip route" command where only the best routes are displayed on the screen.
To get full details, you can read the Cisco Website about the BGP path selection process.
By default, a directly connected route takes a weight of 32768.
An origin code of incomplete is due to route redistribution into BGP
BGP decision process is basic on the following which if not all are taken into consideration when implementing all of most of the design network ,route with a reachable next hop, route with largest weight, route with largest local preference
route locally originated, route with shortest as-path
Table 2.5
ATTRIBUTE NAME
PREFERENCE
VALUE TRANSMISSION
DESCRIPTION
1.
Weight
Highest
Local to router
2.
Local Preference
Highest
Global within AS
How to exit the AS if multiple paths
3.
Path
Shortest
4.
Origin Code
Lowest
IGP or "i" < EGP or "e" < Incomplete or "?" (b)
5.
MED(Metric)
Lowest
Transmitted to the neighbors AS only
2.6
BGP Routing Policy
Routing policy determines how the router handles the routes it receives from and sends to BGP peers or other routing protocols. In many cases, routing policy consists of filtering routes, accepting certain routes, accepting and modifying other routes, and rejecting some routes. You can think of routing policy as a way to control the flow of routes into and out of the router. You can use one or more of the following mechanisms to configure routing policy:
Access lists
Community lists
Prefix lists
Prefix trees
Route maps
2.7 Types of BGP
(a) IBGP and its functionalities
" There must be a full mesh of iBGP sessions, on each BGP router within an AS of three or more routers, must have iBGP sessions with all other BGP routers in that AS. By requiring that all information in iBGP is learned directly from the router that learned the information over eBGP, there can't be any loops in iBGP. Another condition why all routers should be running IBGP is to avoid that ASs to become a black hole which have been stated early why all routers to run IBGP. If all of the routers aren't running IBGP and the network is up and running you can stop the session on that router, and configure IBGP but there is a slight change when you are configuring the routers, information will be passing on the other routers as next hop.
(b) EBGP and its Functionalities
As the name stated EBGP it is the function that run between different AS at the Border of every Autonomous Systems and it have a listed of function to carry out and to make sure that the right information is passing through from that AS to another AS even if the one that the information is coming from is been used as a tunnel.
Both IBGP and EBGP has the same primary function to each other and also share the same result after the configuration have been implemented will successs. With IBGP and EBGP for each of the architectures presents the following criteria are applied to evalutes the strength and weakness of the of each and this is done by, Path Selection, Failure and recovery scenario, administrative control and routing policy.
"The different between EBGP and IBGP manifest itself in how each peer would process the routing updates coming from the other peer and in the way different BGP attributes are carried on external connections versus internal connections"[11]
2.8 Analyze and Differentiate IGP and EGP
IGP as the name apply is Internal Gateway Protocol, it is a type of routing protocol that exchange routing information within its own domain. For routing to talk place within an ASs it would used the best routing protocol which is, Distance Vector Routing Protocol, such as OSPF,RIP, EGRI and IS-IS.
EGP is External Gateway Protocol which sends information or exchange information between two are more different interdomain reachabiltiy network/Independent administrative entities often call autonomous systems with IGPs used within them.. For the information to start processing first you have to setup BGP between the Domains. EGP was the first name For BGP but over the years the name have faded out and the name BGP was born.
2.9Link-state Routing Protocol and Distance Vector Routing Protocol
"Routing Protocol fall within two categories, Distance Vector Routing Protocol or Link State Routing Protocol.
Distance Vector Routing Protocol
The name for distance vector derived from the fact that all routes that are advertised as vectors of (distance, direction), where distance is defined in terms of a metric and direction is defined in terms of the next-hop router. Distance vector routing protocol, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), utilize a distributed computation approached to calculate the route to the destination prefix. Distance vector protocol require that each node separately calculate the best path (output link)to each destination prefix.
Link-State Routing Protocol.
Link -State routing protocol act like a road map. A link-state router cannot be fooled as easily into making bad routing decision, it has complete picture of the network. Link-state routing protocol, such as Open Short Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System-to- Intermediate System (IS-IS) work on basis that routers exchange information which carry information about the links and the nodes in the routing domain. This means that routers running link-state protocol do not exchange routing tables as distance vector protocol. This information is passed around from router to router each router making a copy of it. The main and only objectives is that every router has identical information about the internetworking and each router will independently calculate its own best paths.
Table: 2.9 Distance vector routing protocols and Link-state Routing Protocol include the following
Distance vector routing protocols include the following
Link-state Routing Protocol include the following
1.Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for IP
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for IP
2.Xerox Networking System's XNS RIP
The ISO's Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) for CLNS and IP
3.Novell's IPX RIP
DEC's DNA Phase V
4.Cisco's Internet Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
5.DEC's DNA Phase IV
Novell's NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP)
6.AppleTalk's Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP)
"[13]
CHAPTER 3: DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Design of the BGP Implementation
Address Table: 3.1 Basic interface configurations
DEVICE
INTERFACE
IP ADDRESS
SUBNET MASK
DEFAULT GATEWAY
FRANCE
S0/0/0 DCE
172.16.17.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1 DTE
172.16.19.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
JAMAICA
S0/0/0 DTE
172.16.17.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1 DCE
172.16.18.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
GERMANY
S0/0/0 DTE
172.16.18.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1 DCE
172.16.19.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
Figure 3.1 My Topology
Setup BGP Implementation Network
With the amount of Scenario one could implement the approach was very straight forward one of a novice, who is willing and able to work and understand the concept of BGP. After intensive research and planning I found out that setting up BGP design is pretty straight forward, however is the implementation of the policies and the attributes and the neighbor setting one has to take into account. When you configure a neighbor and the setting is wrong the whole configuration would be wrong so careful planning and research have to go hand in hand. When you know and find out the routers that are associated with BGP and the ones that support it, then we can design a network to implement BGP. To find out if that router support BGP you will have to run a simple test by typing (config)# router bgp plus an autonomous number to configure BGP , once the router that you are using change to (config-router)# then it means it support BGP. Another thing is that a router might not support BGP because the images that are installed on it don't support BGP. We can then try and install that image on that router and test again to see if that I will support it then. Without the basic configuration of the Serial or Ethernet interfaces routing would never take place and you wouldn't be able to ping within BGP to show which interface is been advertise to other network when it has been configure. With the correct neighbor and policy been implemented and no interface, when you used the command (sh ip bgp summary) you would have notice that the neighbor will remind active and that is not a good sign to say BGP is working. Since we have establish how much routers that we would be using and what amount will be in which Autonomous System we can then start to configure the basic BGP, which will allow us to cable the network and choose the interface that is associated with it. For this implementation, Private Autonomous System number will be used in this scenario which range from 64512 to 65535. In this scenario we are able to used the Private ASN, but in a real life case we would then have to follow the guideline of one of the many that state that when a customer is single-homed or mutli-homed to the system same provider, the provider generally requests that the customer use an AS number taken from the private pool. With six router configuring at different stage to show full connection is been made and BGP is up and running, first we should assign them to their relevant places. Three will be configure within an Autonomous System representing the Customer. The next three routers will present another three different Autonomous System Two router will be configure as an Internet Service Provider each having their own ASN and the last one will act as the Internet also having its own ASN.
Having six router to be configure, is not easy with many scenario out there having the same amount of router to configure, can be very complicated, and very complex to configure, and to find that one mistake made could lead to potential risk for the Customer and the ISP , for more so the customer. My desired outcome for this project is one of great expectation with the approach that have been undertaken from the beginning.
SCOPE:
As this project stand and the complex configuration of BGP, my limitation is straight forward but my configuration wasn't one of straight forward. Plenty of research have gone into it. This case study scenario was one which was taken from " Sam H. Internet Routing Architectures Second Edition ciscopress (page 395-411) Following Default Inside as AS.
Figure 3.2 Following Default Inside as AS"[11]
The above scenario has been implemented with few changes as was stated that you can take six routers and design any configuration on the topology to the Customer satisfaction. IBGP was running between RTA and RTF with reference to my work and the changes that I had made to the Names, ASN and the IP address it is pretty the same network six routers. RTA =France RTF= Germany RTG= Jamaica. The ASN was change from AS3= 65333, AS2= 65411 and AS1= 65332.
3.3 Identify and Configure BGP Routing Policy
Cisco 7200 used this router
3.4 Configure Cisco Router Implementing BGP
CHAPTER 4 TEST AND RESULT
The following functionalities test which will take place in this scenario:
EBGP (external BGP): BGP between the autonomous systems EBGP is running between Germany and New York, between France and San Francisco.
IBGP(Internal BGP): BGP inside AS
IBGP is running between France, Jamaica and Germany.
Local Preference: Germany route is preferred router to exit to New York
Customized Local Preference are applied through route map to the BGP incoming route on Germany (300) and France (250).
MED: The Internet will prefer the path via New York to reach the customer which is in AS 65333 Germany. Customized MEDs are applied through route map to the outgoing route from the Internet to New York to Germany. New York MED= 55 and San Francisco =99
Default route:
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIC 2
APPENDIX 3
Chapter 8 References and Bibliography
(Access on 16/04/2010)
[1] Internetworking Technology Overview
(Access on 16/04/2010)
[2] Kevin Butler Patrick McDaniel
SIIS Laboratory
Computer Science and Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA USA
{butler,mcdaniel}@cse.psu.edu
(Access on 17/04/2010)
[3] http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/ip/routing/routing_vs_routed.shtml
(Access on 17/04/2010)
[4] http://www.defoenet.com/ccna/r-v-r.htm
(Access on 17/04/2010)
[5] Randy Z, CCIE® No.5559 Micah B CCIE No.5559 BGP Design and Implementation
[6] http://www.rhyshaden.com/bgp.htm
[7] http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/erx/junose53/swconfig-routing-vol2/html/bgp-config7.html
(Access on 14/04/2010)
[8]Internetworking Technology Overview, June 1999 (PAGE 35-8)
(Access on 13/04/2010)
[9] http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-1040261.html
(Access on 15/04/2010)
[10] http://www.cisco.com/application/pdf/paws/26634/bgp-toc.pdf
(Accessed 16 April 2010)
[11] Sam H. Internet Routing Architectures Second Edition ciscopress (page 160-161),(138-139)
[12] Randy Z, CCIE® No.5559 Micah B CCIE No.5559 BGP Design and Implementation Practical guidelines for designing and deploying a scalable BGP routing architecture.ciscopress.com( page 18-19)
(Access on the 17/042010)
[12] http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Cisco-Ccnp---Bsci-Certification---The-Local-Preference-Bgp-Attribute/6439#ixzz0lt6wlHTt
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution No Derivatives
(Access on 18 /04/2010)
[13] http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=24090&seqNum=3Routing TCP/IP Volume I (CCIE Professional Development)
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=24090&seqNum=4
Table of Content:
Introduction
Abstract
Summary
List of Figures:
List of Table
Aims and Objectives
Personal Objectives
Academic Objectives
Knowledge of BGP Routing Protocol
Resource Requirements
Literature
Hardware
Software
1.5 Project Plan
1.6 Chapter Introduction
CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE SURVEY Of BGP ROUTING PROTOCOL
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Autonomous Systems
2.3 Types of BGP Attributes
(a) Weight Attribute
(b) Local Preference Attribute
(c) Multi-Exit Discriminator Attribute
(d) Origin Attribute
(e) AS-path Attribute
(f) Next-Hop Attribute
(g) Community Attribute
2.4 BGP Path Attributes
(a) Well-Known and Optional Attributes
2.5 BGP Path Selection
2.6 BGP Routing Policy
2.7 Types of BGP
(a) IBGP and its functionalities
(b) EBGP and its Functionalities
2.8 Analyze and Differentiate IGP and EGP
2.9 Link-state and Distance Vector Routing Protocol
CHAPTER 3: DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Design of the BGP Implementation
3.2 Setup BGP Implementation Network
3.3 Identify and Configure BGP Routing Policy
3.4 Configure Cisco Router Implementing BGP
CHAPTER 4 TEST AND RESULT
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIC 2
