Manufacture of biodegradable Plastics is a newly emerged sector, which originated to design degradable plastics by common biological organisms such as, bacteria, algae and fungi. Innovation of bioplastics specifically resulted to conquer the monopoly of petrochemical plastics in the market since; petrochemical plastics have become a burdensome issue due to economic stress, environmental impacts and resource shortage caused by utilization of non-renewable petroleum oil. Since biodegradable pla...
One sixth of the world's population and one quarter of the land all over the world is affected by desertification (N'Djamena 2002). The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) agenda of 1992, cited in (N'Djamena 2002), states that "in order to reduce poverty in desertification-affected areas, both a cause and consequence of environmental degradation, attempts must be made to restore degraded lands and to provide adequate freshwater resources for consumption by human b...
Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted. (Tchobanoglous e'tal, 1993). The need for effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly solid waste disposal methods is to manage society's waste in a way that meets public health and environmental concerns and the public interest to reuse and recycle. Rapid increase in volume and types of solid waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbani...
The main objective is to develop decision support system for farmer and irrigation department to gain maximum profit with the maximum use of limited water resources. It also helps to irrigation manager to take decision about the distribution of water among the farmer and city area. It will also help to illustrates implications of the study findings on demands for irrigation and water uses. Statement of Research Problem INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH TOPIC About Saurashtra (Research Area) "Saurashtr...
The purpose of this paper is to examine and explain Gauss's Law, a fundamental concept in the study of electricity. Gauss's Law is an expansion of Coulomb's law in that it provides an alternative, and sometimes much easier, method of calculating electric fields. I will begin this exploration by introducing the concept of electric flux, and then define Gauss's Law, giving two examples of its application. Next, I will explain the properties of an electrostatic conductor in equilibrium using Gau...
ICIMOD is implementing, in collaboration with its partners, a project titled 'Too much water, too little water - adaptation strategies to climate-induced water stress and hazards in the greater Himalayan region', funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), from June 2008 to December 2010. The first phase was carried out from June 2008 to December 2009 during which five case studies which were carried out in: i) Yunnan province, China, by the Kunming Institute of...
Groundwater: The water emerging from some deep ground water may have fallen as rain many tens, hundreds, thousands or in some cases millions of years ago. Soil and rock layers naturally filter the ground water to a high degree of clarity before the treatment plant. Such water may emerge as springs, artesian springs, or may be extracted from boreholes or wells. Deep ground water is generally of very high bacteriological quality (i.e., pathogenic bacteria or the pathogenic protozoa are typicall...
Biofuels are often almost universally regarded by governments as a low carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannahs, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in has been-I demonstrated in a recent studies to produce a net "biofuel carbon debt". A recent paper by-I private conservation group The Nature Conservancy, found that conversion of peatland rainforests for oil palm plantations inc...
When it comes to agricultural activities, irrigation in one of the vital process. Irrigation system is an essential important element for plant growth. It also one of major effect in any plant cultivation as it may affect on the growth of plant. Irrigation in agriculture term is defined as an artificial application of watering of the arable land or soil. Water is most important to our life and we cannot survive without it. Water also is essential ingredient of plant. Most of gardener usually ...
In the past decade the use of Phase Change Materials for latent heat storage has become widespread, this is mainly due to their multifaceted uses such as thermal energy storage, conditioning of buildings, off-peak power utilisation, thermal comfort in vehicles and computer cooling to name but a few. However, as the applications of phase change materials become more demanding and complex it has become evident that the existing latent storage compounds are limited in their ability to deal with ...
