Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been considered one of the 'driving forces' of modern economies due to their multifaceted contributions in terms of technological innovations, employment generation, export promotion, etc. Of these, the ability of SMEs to innovate assumes significance because innovation lends competitive edge to firms, industries and ultimately, economies. Therefore, technological innovation has the potential to spur growth of individual enterprises at the micro level ...
Abstract In this paper the optimal static and the full order anti-windup compensator (AWC) is designed using the improved algorithm of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The existing optimization techniques of AWC use the LMI and the nonlinear control concepts that require complex mathematics. For the optimization, an improved PSO algorithm is used. The PSO algorithm first explores the problem-space with constant non-zero inertia factor, until the fitness function saturates to a local or glob...
Introduction Capital and risk have a different orientation in Austrian Economics .The two are better understood when we consider the role of the entrepreneur in the business process. Austrian Economists believe that the entrepreneur must own capital assets to be able to initiate investment decisions and also the idea of how to put to use a particular asset rests in his mind .It follows from this that capital assets may not be in only one form and may be put to varied uses. This is a central t...
1.0 Introduction The case study discusses about Tesco, a retail industry established in various countries that differs in its regulatory aspects and how do they compete in terms of its competitive advantages, as well to penetrate into different markets. Therefore, Tesco's movement can be analysed through the use of Michael Porter's PESTEL analysis, its Five Forces, SWOT analysis, and Michael Porter's Diamond which also further determines the strategy, conditions and factors upon expanding int...
Global Financial Crisis The global finance was moving towards its peak from 2003 to 2007. After its robust performance the world economy has since August, 2007 been experiencing adverse developments on several fronts. The crisis first surfaced in the US subprime mortgage market in the third quarter of 2007 and soon assumed a global dimension, encompassing both financial and real sectors. The crisis is also because of macroeconomic imbalances, poor risk management practices, and weakfinancialr...
The word is derived, by analogy with "monopoly", from theGreek oligoi 'few' and poleein 'to sell'. Because there are few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm influence, and are influenced by, the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to take into account the likely responses of the other market participants. Description Oligopoly is a common market form. As a quantitative description of oligopoly, ...
1. Introduction Presently, the world is experiencing a financial crisis and an economic one, with a rising unemployment and lower industrial output due to business failures and low consumer spending. The term Financial Crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value (Allen&Douglas:2000).There is not a precise definition of economic crisis ,but according to the Business Dictionary (2010) a common one ...
This assay attempts to explain and analyze two different perspectives that drove from the UK economy experiences. The first perspective focused on the absence of government intervention, while the other one focus on customer spending. The goal of this assay is to articulate and introduce these perspectives taking in consideration the historically and iconological period that these perspectives have been developed. To achieve the purpose of this assay, first, it is paramount important to intro...
The financial crisis was originated from the bursting of US housing burble and it led to a strict of financial commotion and finally spread throughout the world. This has destabilized the financial markets of the developed world leading to collapse of notable names in the banking business and the production in these economies has been adversely affected leading to a decline in output (Mvula, 2009). Throughout this period, many economies have implemented fiscal and monetary policies to avoid f...
How wages are determined in India? Is it through collective bargaining (union and firms) or by the employer or by bargaining between employer and individual employee or take-it -or-leave -it- basis or through any other mechanism? Framework for wage calculation Organized Sector:- The `day', `week' and `month' are the basic units for wages calculation. Used in combination. Normal working week is five days (for government) five half days/ six days. `Hour' is generally not a unit for wage calcula...
