Eyewitness testimony is a legal term and it refers to an account given by a bystander in the courtroom, who describes what happened during a specific incident under investigation. This is the principal way in which the guilt of the accused is established through verbal witness evidence in court. It is considered to be a reliable accepted form that provides evidence and jurors tend to pay close attention to it. However, it is questioned that eyewitnesses' identifications are among the most imp...
The term prostitution can be defined as the practice or profession in which a person will provide a sexual service to another in return for, or as payment. There are various forms of prostitution including; 'brothels' (usually run from a house/building with two or more people engaging in prostitution at any one time) 'street walkers' (Those who walk the streets, usually in an area known for prostitution, and await people to approach them) 'escorts' (whilst sex is not advertised - only company...
Howard Becker is hailed as the founder of modern labeling theory. He also developed the term "moral entrepreneur" to describe persons in power who campaign to have certain deviant behavior outlawed (Becker, 1963). He claims that many laws are established for such purposes, and that behavior that is defined as criminal is dynamic and changes throughout time. Therefore, the actual criminal behavior is irrelevant to the theory. What really matters is which outlaws are arrested and processed by t...
A mock jury scenario was conducted to evaluate the effects that eye-witness testimonies had on 139 participants. In order to study the true affects the testimonies have on decision making process, eye-witness testimonies were manipulated into 3 different categories (credible eye-witness, discredited eye-witness and no eye-witness). Evidence by the prosecution and defence sides were also presented and were consistent across the three independent variable groups. In the past many theorist felt ...
During the last few years, the use of penal custody for children and young people in England and Wales has occupied a prominent place among the industrialized democratic countries. However, the experiences of these children and young people, as Goldson (2006) argues, can be both positive and negative. On one hand, the custody can be good for their education and rehabilitation if it complies with international human tights standards; on the other hand, however, children have, in practice, unde...
The progressive global nature of crime and justice points to a need to move beyond the nation state as the starting point for criminology. Criminologists are already building theories that go beyond the confines of the modern state for example in relation to transnational policing, transnational crime and supranational forms of criminal justice. The reasons that have led the need to move beyond the state territorial principle are globalisation and the increase of transnational crime. The stud...
Crime scene management has evolved to meet the challenges of today's crime scene experts. There have been a lot of changes over the past 75 years, especially in the type of evidence which can now be recovered and the investigative tools used to process it. The employment of qualified Scientific Support Managers take charge of all experts involved at a scene and this ensures evidence is recovered In-tact and un-compromised. The following paper shows how modern scene management methods are used...
The first points that I want to talk are about the objectives of the Safe City Programs. There are four main goals in creating a safe city. First, is The city to be free from violence such as those that may destroy property and lives for example theft, burglary, etc.; the second objectives, the city that is free from damage due to natural disasters and catastrophes such as floods and landslides; the third objectives are the city that is free from social and moral decline such as drug addictio...
Juvenile delinquency prevention has become more of an issue in the past 20 to 30 years in America and nobody truly knows why. "The number of under-18s convicted or cautioned over violent offences rose from 17,590 to 24,102 - an increase of 37 percent." (Leapman, 2008) It can possibly be because parents aren't home enough, or because after school activities have become less popular than doing drugs or alcohol while getting into trouble. Through this reading you will find that there are some in...
Crime is a part of society. It would be naïve to believe that a society could completely rid itself of crime. Crime is based on the perception and the actions of individuals. Some see their actions as good and some see them as bad. The problem with this is that sometimes the perception of those committing negative acts that society views as crimes do not see their actions as criminal. Crime is based on the actions of the individuals and depending upon the moral statutes that the society has ...
