What is about maintenance. Refers to the British Sandard 8210, the maintainance is a combination of all technical and administrative action intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform its required function. The previous version of British Standard (BS 3811: 1964) defined maintenance as a combination of any action carried out to retain an item, or restore it to, an acceptable condition. "Building maintenance management has always been seen as the 'Cinderell...
In Malaysia, the implementation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) by using precast concrete elements were introduced since 1966 when the government lauched two projects which involves the construction of Rifle range Road Flats in Penang and Tuanku Abdul Rahman Flats in Kuala Lumpur. From the survey conducted by CIDB Malaysia, the level of usage in IBS in the local construction industry is 15 % in 2003 although many government initiatives have been introduced to encourage the use of IBS....
Ellingham and Fawcett (2006, p. 18) indicate that the net present value method for evaluating an investment cashflow was first developed about 50 years ago and is widely used in many spheres. In property and construction projects it has acquired a special name: whole-life costing. In fact, whole-life costing is simply the application of net present value analysis to construction projects. Many people will confused about the term of life-cycle costing, whole life costing, and whole life-cycle ...
Value Engineering emerged into prominence after World War II. Basic ideas related to it were developed by Lowrence D.Miles in 1947. The industrial situation during that period was so, that there was overall recession. Material was in short supply. Trained and skill manpower was insufficient. Therefore, manufacturing technologies were looking for alternative material, improved processing requirements, better designs, low cost operation, and efficient system. Foundation of value engineering got...
