INTRODUCTION Solar energy is an inexhaustible resource. The sun produces vast amounts of renewable solar energy that can be collected and converted into heat and electricity. Texas, due to its large size and abundant sunshine, has the largest solar energy resources among the states. Several other states, however, lead the nation in terms of using solar energy, mostly due to state policies and incentives that encourage the installation of solar energy systems. California is the nation's larges...
INTRODUCTION: X-ray diffraction The diffraction of X-rays as they pass through a substance, usually forming an interference pattern that can be captured on film and used to analyze the internal structure of the substance. The scattering of x-rays by crystal atoms, producing a diffraction pattern that yields information about the structure of the crystal. X-ray diffraction is used in x-ray crystallography . X-ray diffraction - the scattering of X rays by the atoms of a crystal; the diffraction...
INTRODUCTION OF BIOSENSORS:- Biosensors or enzyme electrodes invariably refer to such devices that sence and analyze biological informations. A biosensor is a device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. More technically, a biosensor is a probe that integrates a biological component, such as a whole bacterium or a biological product (e.g., an enzyme or antibody) with an ...
Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate some properties of ionic complex compounds which contain water molecules, namely experiments of blue copper (II) sulphate hydrated. The number of coordinated water will be determined. Introduction The calculation of the value of x (the number of combined water) is based on the 'relative molecule mass (Mr)' and 'the mole'. Lister and Renshaw (2000) stated that, Mr is the mass of a molecule compared to the mass of 1 H atom, and is the sum of the ...
Aim: To investigate how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Background: THE REACTION: when Sodium Thiosulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid sulphur is produced. The sulphur forms in very small particles and causes the solution to cloud over and turn a yellow colour. This causes the cross to fade and eventually disappear. Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid »» Sulphur + Sodium Chloride + Sulphur Dioxide + Water ...
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, health has become the most important property of human's life. Commonly, diets with high contents of fruits are protective against several human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. Therefore, people are putting more and more attention on antioxidant substances such as vitamin C which is also known as ascorbic acid or more specifically L-ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is probably one of the most highly well known. Furthermore, people have become more awar...
ABSTRACT Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major problem in the management of bacterial infections. Discovering new antibiotics is one approach to overcome this problem. Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), an essential enzyme in the process of transcription, is a target for only one class of antibiotics used in clinical practical, the rifamycins. Investigation of novel inhibitors of this enzyme to produce alternative RNAP inhibitors may contribute to the chemotherapy of bacterial ...
INTRODUCTION Energy is a concept at the center of every scientific discipline. Students examine the role of energy in our daily lives -- that is, how we produce the energy that we use to power our cities, our homes, and our schools, and at what cost. Students study several forms of energy production. They discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each energy resource, in particular, the controversy surrounding the use of nuclear energy. In the end, students gain insight into the difficult c...
Introduction What is a Calorimeter ? Definition: A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. The word calorimeter is derived from the Latin word calor, meaning heat. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common types. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a me...
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for the growth of living organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms. It is a component of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that drives most energy-requiring biochemical processes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is the seat of genetic inheritance, ribonucleic acid (RNA) that directs protein synthesis in plants and animals, phospholipids that compose cellular membranes and intermediate compounds of respiration and photosynthesis (Bra...
