Abstract Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes received more attentions nowadays. Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) as a chemical compound is used for flooding here as an alternative to the traditional hydrolyzed polyacryl amide (HPAM). Crude Oil samples from an Iranian oil field were used during the flooding tests. Sand packed models using two different sizes of sand mainly 50 and 100 meshes were employed in this investigation. A comparison between water flooding and CTA flooding as a s...
Introduction Background Sludge is produced as a bypass product of a water treatment process. The sludge is commonly disposed on land, but this result as a health hazards and adverse effects on the ecosystem. All metals above certain concentration have side effects to human being. Among the most hazardous heavy metals are Cardium, Lead, Mercury and hexavalent Chromiun, the first three being toxic at all concentration and have not a known biological function (Moeletsi et al, 2004). When consume...
Introduction Enzymes:Enzymes are single or multiple -chain proteins that act as a biological catalysts with the ability to promote specific chemical rxn under the mild condition that prevail in most living organism. Over-view of Enzymes catalysts All reaction in the body are mediated by enzymes, which are protein catalysis that increase the rate of reaction without being changed in overall process. Among the many biologic reaction that are energetic possible, Enzyme selectively channel reacta...
INTRODUCTION In today's highly competitive and global marketplace, the pressure on organizations to find new ways to create and deliver value to the customers grows even stronger. Market development combined with new sources of global competition has led to over-capacity in many industries. Putting an incredible pressure on price, as often is the critical competitive variable. This leads to the need of more effectiveness and efficiency inside a business. It is against these new conditions tha...
INTRODUCTION This is the arrangement by which the electrode at which reaction takes place with respect to standard hydrogen electrode has reduction potential which is given a positive point the electrode at which oxidation takes place with respect to standard hydrogen electrode it expressed as a reduction potential, it will have a negative sign. The various electrodes have thus been arranged in order of their increasing values of standard reduction potentials. This arrangement is called elect...
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for the growth of living organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms. It is a component of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that drives most energy-requiring biochemical processes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is the seat of genetic inheritance, ribonucleic acid (RNA) that directs protein synthesis in plants and animals, phospholipids that compose cellular membranes and intermediate compounds of respiration and photosynthesis (Bra...
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, health has become the most important property of human's life. Commonly, diets with high contents of fruits are protective against several human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. Therefore, people are putting more and more attention on antioxidant substances such as vitamin C which is also known as ascorbic acid or more specifically L-ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is probably one of the most highly well known. Furthermore, people have become more awar...
Aim: To investigate how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Background: THE REACTION: when Sodium Thiosulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid sulphur is produced. The sulphur forms in very small particles and causes the solution to cloud over and turn a yellow colour. This causes the cross to fade and eventually disappear. Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid »» Sulphur + Sodium Chloride + Sulphur Dioxide + Water ...
Pool chemistry is the application of chemistry to maintain safe and clean water (Hann, 1997). This is achieved by regulating numerous factors which include: the pH, the quantity of disinfectant and the buffers used to resist pH changes. The normal pH range of a swimming pool needs to be between 7.2 and 8.0, although a range between 7.2 and 7.8 is more practical as some disinfectants such as chlorine are most effective for this range (Hann, 1997). The Importance of pH The pH scale (see figure ...
INTRODUCTION: X-ray diffraction The diffraction of X-rays as they pass through a substance, usually forming an interference pattern that can be captured on film and used to analyze the internal structure of the substance. The scattering of x-rays by crystal atoms, producing a diffraction pattern that yields information about the structure of the crystal. X-ray diffraction is used in x-ray crystallography . X-ray diffraction - the scattering of X rays by the atoms of a crystal; the diffraction...
