A fuel is a substance which is used as a source of energy and produces heat as a result of combustion. 1.1) FOSSIL FUELS The fossil fuels are formed by the anaerobic decomposition of dead organisms. The decomposition of buried organisms & their resulting fossil fuels take millions of years and sometimes this time period exceeds 650 million years. The fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas consists of high percentage of carbon. Fossil fuels contain volatile compounds and methane ...
ABSTRACT Atkinson engine is the internal combustion engine. The Atkinson engine is mainly working on Otto four stroke engines with a different type of linking the piston mechanism with the crankshaft. I am designing the Atkinson engine. Which we use for hybrid electric car, so we study hybrid electric car like what is hybrid electric and who is using Atkinson engine. The all arrangement of levers in the Atkinson engine is cycle of piston through all four strokes in only one revolution of the ...
In this chapter, a full unit of heat exchanger will be designed including its chemical and mechanical design. A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer between two fluids from one medium to another. The medium may be separated by a solid wall, so that the fluids never mix, or the fluids may never be in direct contact. Two fluids of different temperatures will flow through the heat exchanger. Heat exchangers are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning...
Thermal bridges are defined as locations or areas in building construction that have local heat flows that are high and local surface temperature that are low, both relative to the surrounding construction. Thermal bridges created by the edges of VIP's are vital as they can result in the significant reduction of the thermal insulation, hence leading to the increment in heat loss via the building structure or an increment in the condensation rate at the insides of the building structure. The c...
Merging strategy is used by various organizations. They do it for different reasons - to increase market share, to expand in different countries, to bring together great skills of different brands or for many other reasons. Merging strategy was, and is still, quiet popular in Airline Industry. There are three main alliances that are always merging different small or big Airlines into them - Sky Team, Star and One World. Our report is about merging of Air France and KLM Dutch Airlines which be...
Two classical bench mark cases have been selected to validate the model capability in solving the run up problem. They are one and two dimensional run up problems. The results are to be elaborated in detail. The experimental study of the solitary wave run up on a plane beach has been investigated earlier by Synolakis (1986). He presented a variation of run up height for non-breaking and breaking solitary waves, which have then been used by several researchers such as Zelt, 1991, Lynett et al....
Welded components and structures are widely used in almost all industries. with the relation of the fact that weld is the weakest link and majority of failures of components or specimen are related to welding and element performance, more and more emphasis is being given for fabricating welded components with high quality and ensuring their performance reliability in service. NDT methods are required to obtain necessary information for evaluating the welds. the primary advantages of NDT metho...
When the atom is split, 2 to 3 neutrons released with a large amount of energy produced (in the form of heat and gamma radiation). Then, the 2 to 3 released neutrons before are free to form new atoms and cause them to split again and creating a chain reaction. The chain reaction will do the repeated processes until all the Uranium is completely split. In order for nuclear fission to work ideally with U-235 is to make sure that uranium must contains 2% to 3% or more of U-235. http://www.odec.c...
Power flow control, in an existing long transmission line, plays a vital role in Power System area. This paper employs the analysis and comparison of shunt FACTS Devices such as Static Synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) in a long transmission line to control the voltage and the power flow. The proposed devices are used in different locations such as sending end of the transmission line, middle and receiving end of the transmission line. The PWM control strategy...
The Landing gear, an important part of a helicopter, assists the helicopter to land. So, when the helicopter is in land condition, the landing gear should withstand the whole weight of the helicopter. Apart from this, it should also withstand the thrust while landing operation is on. The landing gear of a helicopter can be of three types: Skid type Wheel type The skid type landing gear is the simplest one and cheaper to manufacture. Some skids allow the helicopter to land even on water. If th...