The most common types of Hepatitis are Hepatitis A, B and C. Unlike Hepatitis A or B, there is no vaccine or known cure for Hepatitis C It remains an enigma, and researchers are desperately trying to come up with a vaccine for the virus. Hepatitis C must be looked at more closely and the Australian Government should be supporting and funding the organisations that are working tirelessly to abolish the lethal disease. There is much of the unknown associated with Hepatitis C, but we know enough...
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the blood glucose levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs and is a major concern that attains global proportions equally[1]. As per the data submitted by the Global Diabetes Community India has the highest number of diabetics which is also expected to increase in the near future[2]. Diabetic retinopathy, a major complication of diabetes is one of the easily demonstrable example of micro vascular dam...
Osmosis is the action of water moving through a semi-permeable membrane, dividing solutions of different concentrations. The water starts in a region of high concentration and then continues to a lower concentrated regain, until the two concentrations are equal. A cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane, while osmosis is a necessary to transport fluids within the organism, for example, while water moves from within soil to roots in trees. When a cell comes into contact with a lower concent...
Abstract- Methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases have crawled in the last 2-3 decades. Many tests that form the backbone of the "modern" microbiology laboratory are based on very old and labour-intensive technologies such as microscopy. Innovation and implementation of PCR had lead to major advances in area of research and diagnostics. However, it requires a thermocycler and longer time to separate two DNA strands and amplify the required fragment. Burning need of the hour include m...
Recent studies have shown that benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves induces the ultrastructural changes in the epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis, its subsequent recovery in the seminiferous epithelium and fertility of male albino rats. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate whether the effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the cauda epididymal sperm parameters, morphology and their organelles at the ultrastructural level in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar...
Different tissue fixatives have various effects on tissue histology and on the molecular integrity. This report will explore the various fixatives used in diagnostic and research laboratories today and highlight which are best suited for different purposes and the compromises which must be made. Molecular studies involves analysing tissues at the molecular level, the goal is to decipher the building blocks of normal and diseased structures. Every human disease has some basis in genetic makeup...
Samples from flower of the Ixora javanica and fruit of the Mimosa Diplotricha have been grinded into powder form by Dr. Zazali. 30g of the ground plant material was dissolved in 250ml dichloromethane and shake overnight at 150rpm in room temperature at 25oC by using shaking incubator (SI-900R). Then, the solution was filtered by using Whatman filter paper and the residues are collected and dried under fume cupboard (FUMETEC). The residues are transferred into the conical flask and 250ml of 50...
The present work was to design and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets of Cetirizine hydrochloride by using superdisintegrants. A novel approach has been made to develop Cetirizine hydrochloride mouth dissolving tablets by including clove oil as flavor and local anesthetic on taste buds. The drug and excipients were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques. The drug excipient blend was evaluated for examined physicochemica...
There are many evidences that support the endosymbiotic theory to be established. Endosymbiosis meaning shared internal life informs how eukaryotic features evolved from the prokaryotic cells. (Reece, C. et al 2008). Mitochondria being a b-proteobacteria (aerobic bacteria)and chloroplast being cynobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) started life as prokaryotes living within a larger cell (Archibald 438-46). According to the theory, the cell wall for the larger bacteria disappeared and started ...
The HAB16R26 endophyte extract was isolated from Psychotria condensa plant which also known as 'Pokok Kura'. Endophytes are microorganism that live in plant and usually can be found in plant tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of HAB16R26 endophyte extract as a neuroprotective agent. The Memantine (positive control), normal saline (negative control) and aqueous extract was intraperitoneally injected (administered on three different acute doses which are 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg ...